Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics among TRD, nTRD, and general population groups
| Variable | (a) TRD (n = 622) |
(b) nTRD (n = 2686) |
(c) General population (n = 48,752) |
P-value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| % | N | % | N | % | N | a vs. b | a vs. c | b vs. c | |
| Sex | |||||||||
| Male | 32.3% | 201 | 35.0% | 941 | 47.4% | 23,095 | 0.199 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Female | 67.7% | 421 | 65.0% | 1745 | 52.6% | 25,657 | |||
| Age, years | |||||||||
| 18 to 29 | 13.3% | 83 | 14.0% | 376 | 16.7% | 8140 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| 30 to 39 | 12.5% | 78 | 14.6% | 391 | 15.7% | 7652 | |||
| 40 to 49 | 26.4% | 164 | 22.7% | 611 | 17.3% | 8449 | |||
| 50 to 59 | 29.7% | 185 | 24.6% | 661 | 16.3% | 7926 | |||
| 60+ | 18.0% | 112 | 24.1% | 647 | 34.0% | 16,585 | |||
| Country | |||||||||
| France | 12.4% | 77 | 16.2% | 436 | 26.5% | 12,910 | 0.020 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Germany | 23.8% | 148 | 25.2% | 676 | 24.1% | 11,728 | |||
| Italy | 7.7% | 48 | 8.9% | 239 | 17.3% | 8410 | |||
| Spain | 10.0% | 62 | 7.5% | 202 | 11.4% | 5551 | |||
| UK | 46.1% | 287 | 42.2% | 1133 | 20.8% | 10,153 | |||
| Marital Status (married or living with partner)a | 49.8% | 310 | 50.9% | 1366 | 62.7% | 30,561 | 0.890 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Education (completed university)b | 26.2% | 163 | 28.9% | 777 | 38.3% | 18,673 | 0.182 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Household Income | |||||||||
| Low (< 20,000 € or £) | 38.6% | 240 | 37.1% | 996 | 23.1% | 11,257 | 0.818 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Medium (≥20,000- < 40,000 € or £) | 33.3% | 207 | 33.6% | 902 | 37.5% | 18,281 | |||
| High (≥40,000 € or £) | 20.3% | 126 | 21.8% | 585 | 29.1% | 14,180 | |||
| Decline to answer | 7.9% | 49 | 7.6% | 203 | 10.3% | 5034 | |||
| Employed | 39.2% | 244 | 49.7% | 1334 | 55.3% | 26,951 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| CCI (mean, SD) | 0.76 | 1.22 | 0.57 | 1.05 | 0.29 | 0.77 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Body Mass Index | |||||||||
| Underweight (<18.5 kg/m2) | 4.3% | 27 | 3.3% | 88 | 3.3% | 1617 | 0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Normal weight (≥18.5 to <25.0 kg/m2) | 25.4% | 158 | 31.6% | 848 | 43.7% | 21,328 | |||
| Overweight (≥25.0 to <30.0 kg/m2) | 27.3% | 170 | 30.1% | 808 | 31.4% | 15,293 | |||
| Obese (≥30.0 kg/m2) | 32.0% | 199 | 26.0% | 698 | 14.9% | 7243 | |||
| Decline to Answer | 10.9% | 68 | 9.1% | 244 | 6.7% | 3271 | |||
| Exercised | 39.4% | 245 | 51.0% | 1370 | 62.2% | 30,342 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Alcohol use (daily) | 5.5% | 34 | 5.8% | 155 | 8.0% | 3881 | 0.827 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Current smoker | 32.3% | 201 | 32.0% | 859 | 22.4% | 10,900 | 0.714 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Anemia | 10.8% | 67 | 5.9% | 159 | 2.5% | 1202 | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Arrhythmia | 4.0% | 25 | 3.2% | 85 | 2.3% | 1107 | 0.284 | 0.004 | 0.003 |
| Cancer | 5.8% | 36 | 6.5% | 174 | 5.2% | 2552 | 0.525 | 0.539 | 0.005 |
| Chronic heart failure | 3.1% | 19 | 1.6% | 44 | 0.9% | 434 | 0.020 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1.4% | 9 | 1.3% | 36 | 0.7% | 347 | 0.836 | 0.031 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 12.9% | 80 | 11.7% | 313 | 7.3% | 3579 | 0.401 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Hepatitis A | 0.8% | 5 | 1.1% | 29 | 0.9% | 421 | 0.539 | 0.873 | 0.242 |
| Hypertension | 29.4% | 183 | 26.1% | 702 | 19.1% | 9302 | 0.095 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 7.4% | 46 | 4.9% | 132 | 2.2% | 1050 | 0.013 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
CCI Charlson comorbidity index, nTRD non-treatment-resistant depression, TRD treatment-resistant depression
a< 0.3% had missing values
bApproximately 1% declined to answer