Table 2.
Summary of content analysis: policies, research, messaging and proposed actions.
| Time period | Relevant local policies in Fukuoka | Underpinning local research | Messaging and framing around urban environmental change | Proposed actions in research outputs to address environmental change through the built environment | Relevant international and national context for environmental change in cities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980s | Fukuoka City Environmental Plan (1986) | Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research: ‘Land Use and Sustaining and Improving the Environment in Cities and their Surroundings’ (1985–7); establishment of Fukuoka Urban Research Center (1988) (renamed Fukuoka Asian Urban Research Center in 2004) | Liveable environment / kaiteki kankyou | Creation of urban green master plan / greater role for urban planning (Sakagami, 1981, Asano, 1988) | Our Common Future (Brundtland Report) (1987) |
| 1990s | Fukuoka City Local Climate Change Counter-measures Promotion Plan (1994); Fukuoka City Green Basic Plan (1999) | Early studies on climate analysis for urban planning in Fukuoka (Katayama et al., 1990); Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research ‘For the reasonable arrangement of urban green spaces based on distribution and function of green spaces’ (1996–8) | Balancing environment and development towards urban sustainability | Maintenance of wind corridors and water bodies via planning; enhancing urban greening (Katayamaet al., 1991, Katayamaet al., 1993, Miura, 1995) | International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives (ICLEI) established (1990); UNFCCC adopted (1992); Agenda 21 and Rio Declaration (1992); 1994 Japanese-German meeting on climate analysis for urban planning, attended by Fukuoka-based researchers (Hoschele et al., 1995); UN Habitat II: Istanbul Declaration on Human Settlements and the Habitat Agenda (1996); Kyoto Protocol signed (1997) |
| 2000s | Fukuoka City Local Climate Change Counter-measures Promotion Plan (2nd/3rd versions) (2001/2006); Fukuoka City New Green Basic Plan (2009) | Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research ‘Fundamental study on improvement of green space contributing to reducing the influence of B ultraviolet rays in the outdoor living environment’ (2001–2); Fukuoka City Government study into urban heat (2003); KEEA/Kyushu University urban thermal environment observations (Tanaka, 2009, Tanaka et al., 2009) | Managing climate change at the local level within Fukuoka City | Development of evidence base via observation; prioritisation of areas for actions to improve comfort of lived environment (Tanaka, 2009, Yoda, 2009) | Establishment of C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group (2005); Japanese Government Act on Promotion of Global Warming Countermeasures (2008) |
| 2010s | Fukuoka City Climate Change Action Plan (2016); Fukuoka Prefecture Climate Change Action Plan (2017) Fukuoka City Third Green Basic Plan (due 2020) | First Fukuoka Growth urban data report produced by Fukuoka Asian Urban Research Center (2013); Fukuoka District Meteorological Observatory regional predictions based on IPCC A1B scenario; university-government-citizen collaboration on flood resilience (Yamashita et al., 2016) | Local lived-in environment as fundamental basis for quality of life, climate adaptation, and sustainability; people living in harmony with nature | Development which respects and preserves natural environments (Ooi, 2008, Takashi, 2013); integrated climate change adaptation plans (Fukuoka City, 2016;Hijioka, 2017); consideration of ecosystem services within regional planning (Fukuoka Prefecture, 2017) | Launch of ICLEI Resilient Cities: World Congress on Cities and Adaptation to Climate Change (2010) UN SDG11: Sustainable Cities and Communities (2015); Paris Agreement (2015); UN Habitat III: New Urban Agenda (2016); IPCC Cities and Climate Change Conference (2018); Japanese Government Climate Change Adaptation Act (2018) |