(A) The effect of frozen RGD-PEG-ECO/siβ3 nanoparticles on PHA-M proliferation using three different donors at various concentrations compared to positive control PHA-M. (B) Leukocyte procoagulant activity of RGD-PEG-ECO/siβ3 nanoparticles compared to positive control Escherichia coli K12 lipopolysaccharide treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The effect of RGD-PEG-ECO/siβ3 nanoparticle treatment on pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ (C), IL-8 (D), IL-1β (E), and TNFα (F) was evaluated in whole blood cultures of healthy donor volunteers (n = 3) (error bars denote SEM, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). PHA-M, phytohemaglutinin-M; IL, interleukin; IFN, interferon; TNFα, tumor necrosis factor alpha.