Table 2. Comparative Univariate Analysis of Mortality Between Patients With ADHD and a Group of Controls Without ADHD, Taiwan, 2000 to 2012.

Outcome or Subgroup	Group With ADHD			Group Without ADHD			Estimate, HR (95% CI)a	P Value
	Deaths, No.	Person-Years, No.	Rate, Deaths/10 000 Person-Years	Deaths, No.	Person-Years, No.	Rate, Deaths/10 000 Person-Years
All cause
Total	727	189 2521	3.84	3594	13 254 591	2.71	1.42 (1.31-1.54)	<.001
Male	546	1 443 000	3.78	2852	10 105 209	2.82	1.34 (1.22-1.47)	<.001
Female	181	449 521	4.03	742	3 149 381	2.36	1.71 (1.45-2.01)	<.001
Suicide
Total	117	1 892 521	0.62	257	13 254 591	0.19	3.19 (2.56-3.97)	<.001
Male	76	1 443 000	0.53	186	10 105 209	0.18	2.86 (2.19-3.74)	<.001
Female	41	449 521	0.91	71	3 149 381	0.23	4.04 (2.75-5.94)	<.001
Unintentional injury
Total	188	1 892 521	0.99	1090	13 254 591	0.82	1.21 (1.03-1.41)	.01
Male	163	1 443 000	1.13	968	10 105 209	0.96	1.18 (1.01-1.39)	.03
Female	25	449 521	0.56	122	3 149 381	0.39	1.44 (0.93-2.21)	.15
Homicide
Total	14	1 892 521	0.07	48	13 254 591	0.04	2.04 (1.13-3.70)	.007
Male	11	1 443 000	0.08	41	10 105 209	0.04	1.88 (1.01-3.65)	.02
Female	3	449 521	0.07	7	3 149 381	0.02	3.00 (0.78-11.61)	.25
Natural cause
Total	408	1 892 521	2.17	2199	13 254 591	1.67	1.30 (1.17-1.45)	<.001
Male	295	1 443 000	2.07	1656	10 105 209	1.65	1.25 (1.11-1.42)	<.001
Female	113	449 521	2.51	543	3 149 381	1.72	1.46 (1.19-1.79)	<.001

Abbreviations: ADHD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; HR, hazard ratio.

^aAll-cause mortality was analyzed by the log-rank test; specific-cause mortality was analyzed by the modified log-rank test using the Fine and Gray¹³ method.