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. 2019 Jun 17;2(2):e1050. doi: 10.1002/jsp2.1050

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© 2019 The Authors. JOR Spine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Gross anatomical change observations. A, Macroscopic observations revealed a decrease in disc height and disappearance of NP structure in group D. Disc height was maintained in group S, and NP structure was similar to that of group C. B, Thompson grading system score was 4.1 at week 4 in group D but gradually degenerated to 4.4 after 12 weeks. In contrast, the score was 2.5 at week 12 in group S. Thompson grading was significantly enhanced at weeks 4, 8, and 12 in group S compared to that in group D. Abbreviations: D: AF defect only group, S: AF defect treated with sheet transplantation group, C: sham group ** P <.01, comparing group S to group D (n = 9)