Table 8.

Diet program for cardiac rehabilitation program

Item	Contents	Notes
Diet pattern	Diversify food groups within the appropriate total energy consumption to maintain a healthy weight, including whole grains, vegetables, fruits, fish (blue-backed fish), poultry, beans, and nuts.	Major foreign guidelines prioritize a guideline for overall diet patterns. Korean guidelines do not provide instructions about diet patterns, but it would be desirable to include one, owing to the nature of the diet culture. However, considering Koreans’ food culture, we did not mention dairies (low fat).
Fat [141]	Limit total fat intake to 30% of total energy intake. Limit saturated fat intake to 7% of total energy intake. Replace saturated fats with MUFA and PUFA, and limit omega-6 PUFA to 10% of total energy intake. Limit trans-fat intake to 1% of total energy intake.	Generally, accept the recommendations of the KSLA guideline (However, to increase the emphasis on MUFA, we revised the guideline to separately mention MUFA and PUFA).
Cholesterol [141,175]	Limit daily cholesterol intake to 300 mg.	Recently, multiple foreign guidelines tend to delete a guideline for cholesterol. However, we included this, as some foreign guidelines still limit daily cholesterol intake to 200–300 mg, and the Korean nutrient standardand KSLA guideline limits daily cholesterol intake to 300 mg.
Salt [176,177]	Limit daily salt intake to 5 g (daily sodium intake to 2 g)	Daily salt intake ranges from 4–6 g in foreign guidelines. To remain consistent with the Korean nutrient standard, we set daily salt intake to 5 g.
Fibers [178,179]	Eat enough whole grains and vegetables to keep daily fiber intake above 25 g.	European guidelines set daily fiber intake to 30–45 g, but Canadian, American, and Korean guidelines set the cutoff to 25 g.
Sugars	Limit added sugar (sugars added during cooking or processing) intake to 10% of total energy intake	Most foreign major guidelines include a phrase about limiting sugar-sweetened beverages in their diet pattern guideline. Because sugar intake is on the rise recently, it is valid to include sugar intake in the guideline. As with the added sugar standard in the Korean nutrient standard, added sugars are limited to 10% of total energy intake.
Alcohol [142]	It is desirable to avoid drinking.	In unavoidable cases, alcohol should be limited to 2 shots a day for men (20 mg) and 1 shot a day for women (10 mg). Alcohol intake should be minimized to control blood pressure and body weight.

MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acid; PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acid; KSLA, Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis.