. 2019 Apr 30;26(2):66–76. doi: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.2.8

Table 1.

Statistical analysis for PBF and DGF of various syringe and needle combinations

			PBF (N)			DGF (N)

			Mean difference	95%CI	P-value^b	F-statistic (df1,df2)^a;P-value^a	Mean difference	95%CI	P-value^b	F-statistic (df1,df2)^a;P-value^a
1 mL syringe
ORI	versus	27GN	0.28	−0.19, 0.75	0.420	F(3, 8) = 3.545; P = 0.068	−0.19	−0.30, −0.07^*	0.003	F(3, 8) = 103.881; P = 0.000
ORI	versus	27GSN	0.40	−0.07, 0.86	0.109		−0.23	−0.35, −0.12^*	0.001
ORI	versus	30GN	0.35	−0.11, 0.82	0.179		−0.58	−0.70, −0.46^*	0.000
27GN	versus	27GSN	0.12	−0.35, 0.58	1.000		−0.05	−0.16, 0.07	1.000
27GN	versus	30GN	0.07	−0.39, 0.54	1.000		−0.39	−0.51, −0.28^*	0.000
27GSN	versus	30GN	−0.04	−0.51, 0.42	1.000		−0.35	−0.46, −0.23^*	0.000
3 mL syringe
ORI	versus	27GN	−0.65	−1.80, 0.50	0.510	F(3, 8) = 34.845; P < 0.001	−1.91	−2.59, −1.23^*	0.000	F(3, 8) = 1051.939; P < 0.001
ORI	versus	27GSN	−2.42	−3.57, −1.27^*	0.001		−3.42	−4.11, −2.74^*	0.000
ORI	versus	30GN	−2.88	−4.04, −1.73^*	0.000		−10.35	−11.03, −9.66^*	0.000
27GN	versus	27GSN	−1.77	−2.92, −0.62^*	0.004		−1.51	−2.20, −0.83^*	0.000
27GN	versus	30GN	−2.23	−3.38, −1.08^*	0.001		−8.44	−9.12, −7.75^*	0.000
27GSN	versus	30GN	−0.47	−1.62, 0.69	1.000		−6.93	−7.61, −6.24^*	0.000
5 mL syringe
ORI	versus	27GN	−8.09	−10.22, −5.96^*	0.000	F(3, 8) = 108.173; P < 0.001	−11.67	−12.33, −11.01^*	0.000	F(3, 8)= 33503.958; P < 0.001
ORI	versus	27GSN	−8.23	−10.36, −6.10^*	0.000		−17.67	−18.33, −17.00^*	0.000
ORI	versus	30GN	−10.14	−12.27, −8.01^*	0.000		−56.70	−57.36, −56.04^*	0.000
27GN	versus	27GSN	−0.14	−2.27, 1.99	1.000		−6.00	−6.66, −5.34^*	0.000
27GN	versus	30GN	−2.05	−4.18, 0.08	0.061		−45.03	−45.69, −44.37^*	0.000
27GSN	versus	30GN	−1.91	−4.04, 0.22	0.086		−39.03	−39.69, −38.37^*	0.000
10 mL syringe
ORI	versus	27GN	−1.47	−30.11, 27.18	1.000	F(3, 8)= 12.992; P = 0.002	−34.36	−39.24, −29.48^*	0.000	F(3, 8)= 6114.772; P < 0.001
ORI	versus	27GSN	−1.07	−29.71, 27.58	1.000		−41.01	−45.88, −36.13^*	0.000
ORI	versus	30GN	−42.80	−71.45, −14.15^*	0.005		−175.95	−180,83, −171.08^*	0.000
27GN	versus	27GSN	0.40	−28.25, 29.15	1.000		−6.65	−11,53, −1.77^*	0.009
27GN	versus	30GN	−41.33	−70.00, −12.69^*	0.006		−141.60	−146.47, −136.72^*	0.000
27GSN	versus	30GN	−41.73	−70.38, −13.09^*	0.006		−134.95	−139.82, −130.07^*	0.000
27GN	versus	27GSN	3.00	0.58, 5.42^*	0.020	F(2, 6) = 766.569; P < 0.001	21.27	18.68, 23.86^*	0.000	F(2, 6) = 16666.452; P < 0.001

P < 0.05,

One-way ANOVA,

Post-hoc analysis with Bonferroni corrections

DGF (dynamic gliding force), N (Newtons), ORI (original needle from packaging of the syringe), PBF (plunger-stopper break-loose force), df1 (the numerator degree of freedom), df2 (the denominator degree of freedom), 27GN (27 Gauge needle), 27GSN (27 Gauge spinal needle), 30GN (30 Gauge needle)