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. 2019 Apr 30;26(2):66–76. doi: 10.21315/mjms2019.26.2.8

Table 2 Suppl.

PBF and DGF of syringe and needle combinations

Syringe Needle PBF (N) DGF (N)



No Length (mm) Mean (SD) 95%CI Mean (SD) 95%CI
1 mL ORI 13 1.15 (0.22) [0.61–1.68] 0.13 (0.05) [0.00–0.25]
27GN 13 0.87 (0.21) [0.35–1.38] 0.31 (0.00) [0.31–0.31]
27GSN 88 0.75 (0.087) [0.53–0.97] 0.36 (0.10) [0.34–0.39]
30GN 13 0.79 (0.10) [0.54–1.04] 0.71(0.06) [0.55–0.87]
3 mL ORI 32 1.95 (0.13) [1.62–2.28] 1.33 (0.153) [0.75–1.51]
27GN 13 2.60 (0.54) [1.27–3.93] 3.04 (0.43) [2.94–3.15]
27GSN 88 4.37 (0.058) [4.22–4.5101] 4.56 (0.05) [4.44–4.67]
30GN 13 4.83 (0.59) [3.37–6.30] 11.48 (0.45) [10.36–12.60]
5 mL ORI 38 2.33 (0.29) [1.60–3.05] 1.83 (0.056) [1.70–1.97]
27GN 13 10.42 (0.52) [9.12–11.71] 13.50 (0.00) [13.50–13.50]
27GSN 88 10.56 (0.96) [8.17–12.95] 19.50 (0.00) [19.50–19.50]
30GN 13 12.47 (0.99) [10.02–14.92] 58.53 (0.46) [57.39–59.68]
10 mL ORI 38 3.27 (0.32) [2.47–4.07] 1.88 (0.48) [0.70–3.06]
27GN 13 4.73 (0.46) [3.59–5.88] 36.24 (0.58) [34.80–37.67]
27GSN 88 4.33 (0.58) [2.90–5.77] 42.89 (0.77) [40.98–44.79]
30GN 13 46.07 (20.15) [−4.00–96.13] 177.83 (3.26) [169.73–185.94]
20 mL 27GN 13 28.33 (1.44) [24.75–31.92] 134.53 (0.61) [133.02–136.05]
27GSN 88 25.33 (0.58) [23.90–26.77] 113.27 (1.55) [109.41–117.13]
30GN 13 N/A N/A

DGF (dynamic gliding force), N (Newtons), ORI (original needle from packaging of the syringe), PBF (plunger-stopper break-loose force), 27GN (27 Gauge needle), 27GSN (27 Gauge spinal needle), 30GN (30 Gauge needle)