TABLE 2—
Odds Ratios for Past-Month Cannabis Use: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, Washington State, 2009–2016
| ORa (95% CI) |
Adjusted ORb (95% CI) |
|||
| Retail Access Metric | Current Usec | Frequent Used | Current Usec | Frequent Used |
| Proximitye | ||||
| Time (12 mo) | 1.14 (1.09, 1.18) | 1.19 (1.12, 1.26) | 1.11 (1.07, 1.16) | 1.16 (1.10, 1.23) |
| Legalization | 1.10 (0.96, 1.26) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.30) | 1.12 (0.98, 1.29) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.33) |
| Retail access | ||||
| Top 5% (<0.8 mi) | 1.46 (1.25, 1.72) | 1.46 (1.15, 1.86) | 1.45 (1.24, 1.69) | 1.43 (1.15, 1.77) |
| Next 5% (0.8–1.1 mi) | 1.24 (1.04, 1.47) | 1.01 (0.81, 1.25) | 1.27 (1.08, 1.49) | 1.02 (0.80, 1.29) |
| Middle 80% (1.2–18.4 mi) | 1.08 (0.99, 1.18) | 0.96 (0.83, 1.11) | 1.18 (1.08, 1.29) | 1.04 (0.89, 1.21) |
| Bottom 10% (>18.4 mi) | 0.93 (0.79, 1.11) | 0.90 (0.69, 1.17) | 1.06 (0.89, 1.26) | 0.97 (0.75, 1.26) |
| Geospatial densityf | ||||
| Time (12 mo) | 1.13 (1.09, 1.18) | 1.19 (1.12, 1.26) | 1.11 (1.06, 1.15) | 1.16 (1.10, 1.23) |
| Legalization | 1.11 (0.96, 1.27) | 1.06 (0.87, 1.29) | 1.14 (0.99, 1.31) | 1.09 (0.90, 1.33) |
| Retail access | ||||
| Top 5% (≥4.70) | 1.28 (1.05, 1.56) | 1.28 (0.96, 1.7) | 1.39 (1.13, 1.71) | 1.40 (1.07, 1.83) |
| Next 5% (3.36–4.69) | 1.36 (1.16, 1.59) | 0.97 (0.73, 1.28) | 1.45 (1.25, 1.69) | 1.01 (0.76, 1.35) |
| Middle 80% (0.18–3.35) | 1.11 (1.02, 1.20) | 0.98 (0.84, 1.13) | 1.20 (1.10, 1.31) | 1.05 (0.90, 1.22) |
| Bottom 10% (<0.18) | 0.87 (0.73, 1.03) | 0.85 (0.65, 1.12) | 0.97 (0.81, 1.16) | 0.93 (0.71, 1.22) |
| Per capita densityg | ||||
| Time (12 mo) | 1.14 (1.09, 1.19) | 1.20 (1.14, 1.27) | 1.11 (1.07, 1.16) | 1.17 (1.10, 1.24) |
| Legalization | 1.09 (0.95, 1.24) | 1.03 (0.85, 1.25) | 1.13 (0.98, 1.29) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.30) |
| Retail access | ||||
| Top 5% (≥9.7 per 100 000) | 1.13 (0.93, 1.36) | 0.93 (0.67, 1.29) | 1.36 (1.13, 1.64) | 1.12 (0.82, 1.52) |
| Next 5% (6.7–9.6 per 100 000) | 1.31 (1.08, 1.59) | 1.01 (0.74, 1.38) | 1.52 (1.22, 1.89) | 1.17 (0.85, 1.62) |
| Middle 53% (0.1–6.6 per 100 000) | 1.08 (1.01, 1.16) | 0.94 (0.8, 1.11) | 1.17 (1.07, 1.27) | 1.00 (0.84, 1.20) |
| Bottom 37% (0.0) | 1.07 (0.95, 1.19) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.15) | 1.17 (1.03, 1.32) | 1.06 (0.90, 1.25) |
Note. CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio. All models clustered by community (n = 194; city or unincorporated county assigned according to respondent zip code and county). Retail access terms describe the change in cannabis use between premarket and active-market periods for locations of the given access categorization. For example, in the proximity models, the top 5% (<0.8 mi) term describes the change in use prevalence associated with the retail market among locations within 0.8 mi of a retailer, for only the months those locations met the <0.8 mi access criterion.
Odds ratio taken from generalized linear mixed model with time, legalization, and retail access measure as independent variables.
Odds ratio taken from generalized linear mixed model adjusted for age, gender, education, race/ethnicity, marital status, urban status, county poverty rate, and survey telephone type.
Current use: self-reported use of cannabis on any of the past 30 days.
Frequent use: self-reported use of cannabis on 20 or more of the past 30 days.
Proximity: population-weighted average distance from home zip code to nearest active retail location.
Geospatial density: population-weighted sum of inverse distances from home zip code to the nearest 5 active retail locations.
Per capita density: number of active cannabis retailers per 100 000 estimated population in each community.