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. 2019 Sep;109(9):1243–1248. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305168

TABLE 1—

Characteristics of Low-Income Childless Adults in Sample: United States, 2010–2016

Medicaid Expansion States
Medicaid Nonexpansion States
Before Expansion (2010–2013; n = 9536) After Expansion (2015–2016; n = 3986) Before Expansion (2010–2013; n = 7277) After Expansion (2015–2016; n = 3305)
Race/ethnicity,a %
 White 77.0 75.8 75.8 71.8
 Black 14.0 13.8 18.1 21.7
 Hispanic 13.7 14.4 11.7 11.1
Place of residence,b %
 Urban 34.0 35.5 25.6 25.8
 Suburban 28.4 26.6 21.6 26.8
 Rural 19.3 20.6 32.1 26.3
Female, % 48.4 47.4 46.5 48.4
Unemployed, % 42.0 46.2 39.8 43.5
SNAP recipient, % 21.9 22.9 20.7 19.2
Mean y of education 11 11 11 11
Very low food security, % 17.6 15.9 17.4 17.5

Note. SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program.

a

Other racial categories not shown. Hispanics can be any race.

b

Place of residence is used only in sensitivity analyses and is missing for 18.2% of the sample used in the main analyses.