Table 1.
Operational parameters of currently available hard XFEL facilities. Planned parameters are shown in parentheses.
| XFEL First user experiments |
Photon energy, keV |
Max pulse repetition rate, Hz |
Pulse length, fs (FWHM) |
Photons per pulse, ×1012 |
SFX Beamlines |
Sample environment |
Detector | Beam focus, μm |
Sample delivery |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LCLS 2009 |
5-10 | 120 | 30-300 | 1 | CXI | Vacuum | 2 CSPADs | 1.3 0.1 |
liquid/LCP injectors, fixed-target stage |
| MFX (XPP)a | Helium, Cryo, Humidity | Rayonix MX170-HS, CSPAD | 3 (0.7) | liquid/LCP injectors, MESH/coMESH, Roadrunner, drop-on-demand, goniometer | |||||
| SACLA 2012 |
4-20 | 30 (60) | 2-10 | 0.25 | BL3/BL2 | Helium | MPCCD, Rayonix MX225-HS | 1 | fixed-target stage, liquid/LCP injectors, acoustic systems |
| EuXFEL 2017 |
6-10 (3-16) | 1.1×106 (4.5×106)b | 25 (3-300) | 0.6 | SPB/SFX | Vacuum | AGIPD 1 Mpx | 5 (1) 0.5 (0.1) |
liquid/LCP injectors, fixed-target stage |
| SwissFEL 2019 |
1.8-8 (1.8-12.4) | 25 | 100-200 (50-200) | 0.7 | Alvra | Vacuum Helium | 16M JUNGFRAU | 5 | liquid/LCP injectors, fixed-target stage |
| Bernina | Helium Cryo | 1.5M JUNGFRAU | 5 | goniometer | |||||
| PAL-XFEL 2017 |
8-10 | 30 (60) | 25 | 0.1 | NCI | Helium, Vacuum | Rayonix MX225-HS, MPCCD | 5 | liquid/LCP injectors, fixed-target stage |
a
Many early SFX experiments in ambient environment have been performed at XPP. These types of experiments are currently mainly redirected to a recently commissioned beamline MFX.
b
EuXFEL has a unique non-uniform pulse sequence consisting of pulse trains generated at 10 Hz with up to 1.1 MHz (4.5 MHz planned) pulse repetition rate within each train.