Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of all study participants with HR-pQCT measurements and cortical laminar analysis (n=79)
| Co (n=20) | Fx (n=20) | DM (n=19) | DMFx (n=20) | p values DMFx vs DM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics and anthropometry | |||||
| Age (years) | 58.0±4.8 | 64.5±5.7a | 59.5±4.1 | 63.3±6.0a | p=0.117 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.0±4.7 | 25.3±3.4 | 27.7±3.8 | 28.9±5.5 | p=0.838 |
| Racial composition | |||||
| Caucasian (%) | 60.0 % | 85.0 % | 36.8 % | 40.0 % | p=0.667 |
| Asian (%) | 25.0 % | 10.0 % | 36.8 % | 25.0 % | |
| African-American (%) | 5.0 % | 0.0 % | 15.8 % | 30.0 % | |
| Hispanic (%) | 10.0 % | 5.0 % | 5.3 % | 0.0 % | |
| Pacific Islander/Native Hawaiian (%) | 0.0 % | 0.0 % | 5.3 % | 5.0 % | |
| Diabetic and metabolic status | |||||
| Duration of type 2 diabetes (years) | n.a. | n.a. | 7.6±3.1 | 13.3±8.8 | p=0.012 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.8±0.3 | 5.9±0.4 | 7.8±1.6 | 7.9±2.7 | p=0.999 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 91.8±11.9 | 91.5±11.6 | 162.9±70.6 | 148.7±68.9 | p=0.809 |
| PTH (pg/mL) | 37.3±14.0 | 33.5±23.8 | 38.2±16.1 | 41.4±25.5 | p=0.962 |
| 25-OH vitamin D (ng/mL) | 28.6±11.4 | 42.1±11.4a | 26.6±11.3 | 32.7±12.6 | p=0.375 |
| Estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR) | 87.8 | 83.5 | 98.6 | 89.3 | p=0.465 |
| Rate (mL/min/1.73 m2) | [77.3–98.0] | [69.0–86.3] | [79.0–117.9] | [69.2–101.7] | |
| Fracture status and history | |||||
| Time since last fragility fracture (years) | 3.3±3.6 | 3.1±2.7 | p=0.835 | ||
| Prevalence of fragility fractures (n) | 23 | 32 | p=0.333 | ||
| Time since last fragility fracture | n.a. | ≥5 months | n.a. | ≥5 months | |
| MR spine – occult acute vertebral fx (%) | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % | 0 % |
Intergroup differences were assessed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with subsequent post hoc Tukey tests or independent t tests or Pearson’s chisquared test as appropriate. Non-diabetic postmenopausal women without history of fragility fractures (Co), non-diabetic postmenopausal women with history of fragility fractures (Fx), type 2 diabetic (T2D) postmenopausal women without any history of fragility fracture (DM), and T2D postmenopausal women with a positive history of fragility fractures after the onset of diabetes (DMFx). Data are expressed as unadjusted means±SD. eGFR is expressed as median [25th–75th percentile]. Significant p values (p < 0.05) are marked in bold print. Presented p values were calculated using either independent t-test or Pearson’s χ2 test, as appropriate
n.a. not applicable
Statistical significant difference vs Co group