Figure 1.

Preparation of model vaccines using NIR fluorescent ZW800–1C. a) A schematic drawing of bioconjugation. ZW800–1 NHS ester (ZW) was conjugated on OVA (OVA-ZW) in PBS, pH 8.0, followed by further conjugation on SiNPs in DIW. b,c) The average HD of each ONP before and after conjugation was measured by DLS. d) Time-course SBR in serum-containing media confirms the physicochemical and optical stability of ONPs. The fluorescence signal was measured by the FLARE NIR fluorescence imaging system (n = 3, mean ± SEM.). A P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant: N.S., not significant by one-way ANOVA. SEM, the standard error of the mean; ANOVA, analysis of variance.