Table 1.

Clinical characteristics of stroke cases and control subjects in the present study

Characteristics	Control subjects (n = 1,263)	Stroke patients
		Total cases (n = 1,405)	Hemorrhagic stroke (n = 383)	Atherothrombotic stroke (n = 607)	Lacunar infarction (n = 415)
Age, years	60.0 ± 8.0	60.5 ± 9.2	58.3 ± 9.6**	61.4 ± 9.1**	61.1 ± 8.5*
Men, n (%)	770 (61.0%)	902 (64.2%)	250 (65.3%)	389 (64.1%)	263 (63.4%)
BMI (kg/m2)	24.16 ± 3.28	24.25 ± 3.45	24.01 ± 3.56	24.21 ± 3.57	24.53 ± 3.13*
Systolic BP (mmHg)	129 ± 17	147 ± 22**	152 ± 23**	147 ± 23**	143 ± 20**
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	79 ± 10	88 ± 13**	92 ± 13**	86 ± 13**	86 ± 11**
Fasting glucose (mmol/L)	5.88 ± 1.72	6.61 ± 2.62**	6.57 ± 2.40**	6.77 ± 2.80**	6.42 ± 2.55**
Lipids (mmol/L)
Total cholesterol	5.00 ± 0.99	4.74 ± 1.01**	4.52 ± 0.99**	4.84 ± 1.00**	4.80 ± 1.00**
Triglycerides	1.49 (1.05–2.18)	1.66 (1.19–2.41)**	1.50 (1.12–2.02)	1.71 (1.21–2.50)**	1.75 (1.23–2.52)**
HDL‐cholesterol	1.06 ± 0.31	0.90 ± 0.28**	0.89 ± 0.33**	0.90 ± 0.26**	0.92 ± 0.26**
LDL‐cholesterol	3.10 ± 0.91	2.96 ± 0.92**	2.86 ± 0.90**	3.03 ± 0.92	2.94 ± 0.93**
Current smoking, n (%)	337 (26.7%)	381 (27.1%)	104 (27.2%)	177 (29.2%)	100 (24.1%)
Current alcohol intake, n (%)	318 (25.2%)	306 (21.8%)*	100 (26.1%)	126 (20.8%)*	80 (19.3%)*
Exercise, n (%)	872 (69.0%)	646 (46.0%)**	135 (35.2%)**	267 (44.0%)**	244 (58.8%)**
History of hypertension, n (%)	342 (27.1%)	868 (61.8%)**	241 (62.9%)**	376 (61.9%)**	251 (60.5%)**
History of diabetes, n (%)	136 (10.8%)	334 (23.8%)**	85 (22.2%)**	158 (26.0%)**	91 (21.9%)**
History of CHD, n (%)	147 (11.6%)	206 (14.7%)*	32 (8.4%)	121 (19.9%)**	53 (12.8%)
Family history of stroke, n (%)	298 (23.6%)	451 (32.1%)**	124 (32.4%)**	196 (32.3%)**	131 (31.6%)**

Values are mean ± SD, number (percentage), or median (interquartile range), versus control subjects.

Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; BP, blood pressure; CHD, coronary heart disease; HDL, high‐density lipoprotein; LDL, low‐density lipoprotein.

^* p < 0.05.

^** p < 0.01.