Table 10.
The relationship between the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD and labor market outcomes (random effects panel regressions)
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employed | Log of earnings | Log of household wealth | Receiving social security disability benefits | Receiving unemployment or worker compensation | Receiving other governmental transfers | |
| Panel A: females and males (N individuals = 9033, N individual-wave = 43,485) | ||||||
| PRS for ADHD | − 0.072* (0.037) | − 0.118*** (0.037) | − 0.076*** (0.016) | 0.137* (0.082) | 0.027 (0.038) | 0.204*** (0.067) |
| Years of education | 0.128*** (0.015) | 0.196*** (0.015) | 0.210*** (0.007) | − 0.212*** (0.033) | − 0.155*** (0.016) | − 0.139*** (0.027) |
| Age | − 0.297*** (0.006) | − 0.274*** (0.005) | 0.046*** (0.001) | 0.157*** (0.014) | − 0.075*** (0.007) | 0.111*** (0.011) |
| Female | − 0.974*** (0.077) | − 0.685*** (0.075) | 0.186*** (0.033) | − 0.886*** (0.169) | − 0.882*** (0.078) | − 1.733*** (0.142) |
| With a partner | − 0.883*** (0.077) | − 1.326*** (0.075) | 0.812*** (0.023) | − 0.765*** (0.160) | − 0.496*** (0.096) | − 1.105*** (0.132) |
| Number of living children | 0.010 (0.018) | 0.049*** (0.018) | − 0.039*** (0.007) | − 0.003 (0.038) | 0.022 (0.020) | 0.156*** (0.031) |
| Self-reported health (excellent) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Self-reported health (very good) | − 0.005 (0.060) | 0.032 (0.056) | − 0.011 (0.015) | 0.180 (0.286) | 0.137 (0.089) | 0.329** (0.150) |
| Self-reported health (good) | 0.016 (0.069) | 0.052 (0.065) | − 0.078*** (0.018) | 1.046*** (0.282) | 0.259*** (0.096) | 0.796*** (0.159) |
| Self-reported health (fair) | − 0.332*** (0.089) | − 0.142* (0.086) | − 0.183*** (0.024) | 2.000*** (0.289) | 0.383*** (0.119) | 1.300*** (0.181) |
| Self-reported health (poor) | − 1.634*** (0.141) | − 1.038*** (0.132) | − 0.396*** (0.037) | 2.420*** (0.306) | 0.459*** (0.171) | 1.646*** (0.226) |
| Health limits work | 0.011*** (0.004) | 0.054*** (0.004) | 0.028*** (0.001) | − 0.076*** (0.009) | − 0.017*** (0.004) | − 0.056*** (0.007) |
| Tenure in current occupation | − 2.313*** (0.062) | − 2.074*** (0.060) | − 0.149*** (0.016) | 4.842*** (0.184) | 0.187** (0.081) | 0.928*** (0.110) |
| Log of spousal earnings | 0.068*** (0.005) | 0.136*** (0.005) | 0.001 (0.001) | − 0.069*** (0.014) | 0.020*** (0.007) | − 0.089*** (0.012) |
| Principal component 1 | 7.279* (4.169) | 2.760 (4.072) | 0.479 (1.821) | 13.589 (9.567) | − 2.077 (4.243) | 11.646 (7.767) |
| Principal component 2 | 2.940 (3.926) | 1.665 (3.945) | − 8.891*** (1.769) | 13.454 (9.504) | − 14.864*** (3.833) | 29.753*** (8.235) |
| Principal component 3 | − 0.772 (3.962) | 0.716 (3.957) | − 1.131 (1.768) | − 13.488 (8.622) | − 2.686 (4.106) | − 8.277 (7.113) |
| Principal component 4 | 8.964** (3.937) | 0.586 (3.943) | 0.193 (1.764) | − 0.281 (9.326) | − 6.677 (4.123) | − 6.064 (7.253) |
| Principal component 5 | − 6.327 (4.175) | − 2.212 (4.067) | − 9.715*** (1.820) | 0.096 (9.628) | − 4.237 (4.248) | 9.813 (7.777) |
| Principal component 6 | − 6.012 (3.860) | − 4.511 (3.861) | − 0.471 (1.728) | − 3.511 (8.450) | − 1.377 (4.005) | 2.021 (6.961) |
| Principal component 7 | − 3.111 (3.915) | 4.538 (3.923) | − 0.117 (1.755) | − 1.049 (8.642) | 2.177 (4.041) | − 5.687 (7.104) |
| Principal component 8 | − 2.052 (3.858) | − 0.389 (3.862) | 1.796 (1.727) | − 1.393 (8.356) | − 2.568 (4.006) | − 1.814 (6.903) |
| Principal component 9 | − 0.909 (3.875) | 4.435 (3.869) | − 1.351 (1.731) | 0.590 (8.474) | − 3.264 (4.016) | 12.376* (6.965) |
| Principal component 10 | − 4.652 (3.920) | − 8.699** (3.926) | 3.434* (1.755) | 6.348 (8.577) | − 3.387 (4.072) | 14.451** (7.137) |
| Constant | 18.620*** (0.415) | 20.199*** (0.350) | 5.368*** (0.121) | − 14.248*** (1.025) | 2.895*** (0.474) | − 10.666*** (0.751) |
Full regression results for Table 3 (Panel A)
Standard errors in parentheses
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.10