Table 7.
The relationship between the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD and labor market outcomes (random effects panel regressions)
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employed | Log of earnings | Log of household wealth | Receiving social security disability benefits | Receiving unemployment or worker compensation | Receiving other governmental transfers | |
| Panel C: males (N individuals = 4112, N individual-wave = 19,057) | ||||||
| PRS for ADHD | − 0.117** (0.054) | − 0.196*** (0.054) | − 0.118*** (0.024) | 0.084 (0.119) | 0.057 (0.053) | 0.232** (0.102) |
| Age | − 0.344*** (0.010) | − 0.298*** (0.007) | 0.051*** (0.002) | 0.153*** (0.021) | − 0.071*** (0.010) | 0.185*** (0.017) |
| Female | ||||||
| With a partner | 0.007 (0.132) | − 0.554*** (0.129) | 0.660*** (0.036) | − 0.439 (0.272) | − 0.254* (0.145) | 0.222 (0.238) |
| Number of living children | 0.048* (0.028) | 0.086*** (0.027) | − 0.080*** (0.009) | − 0.037 (0.059) | 0.052* (0.028) | 0.079 (0.049) |
| Self-reported health (excellent) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Self-reported health (very good) | − 0.153 (0.099) | − 0.080 (0.087) | 0.015 (0.021) | − 0.098 (0.411) | 0.091 (0.121) | 0.178 (0.209) |
| Self-reported health (good) | − 0.243** (0.109) | − 0.164* (0.099) | − 0.056** (0.025) | 0.706* (0.398) | 0.319** (0.128) | 0.655*** (0.223) |
| Self-reported health (fair) | − 0.615*** (0.136) | − 0.336** (0.131) | − 0.192*** (0.033) | 1.889*** (0.408) | 0.333** (0.161) | 1.032*** (0.263) |
| Self-reported health (poor) | − 2.105*** (0.215) | − 1.624*** (0.205) | − 0.462*** (0.052) | 2.501*** (0.432) | 0.811*** (0.224) | 1.000*** (0.340) |
| Health limits work | − 0.018*** (0.005) | 0.016*** (0.005) | 0.029*** (0.002) | − 0.094*** (0.012) | − 0.028*** (0.005) | − 0.055*** (0.010) |
| Tenure in current occupation | − 2.381*** (0.094) | − 2.328*** (0.094) | − 0.134*** (0.023) | 5.340*** (0.289) | 0.257** (0.111) | 0.833*** (0.166) |
| Log of spousal earnings | 0.079*** (0.008) | 0.151*** (0.008) | 0.003 (0.002) | − 0.066*** (0.021) | 0.023** (0.010) | − 0.077*** (0.016) |
| Principal component 1 | 14.428** (6.054) | 7.933 (5.774) | 7.718*** (2.539) | 6.269 (14.434) | − 10.960* (5.928) | 5.463 (11.556) |
| Principal component 2 | − 7.591 (5.723) | 0.314 (5.740) | − 5.050** (2.534) | 2.991 (13.124) | − 6.299 (5.456) | 26.450** (12.134) |
| Principal component 3 | 1.273 (5.855) | − 0.211 (5.844) | 0.726 (2.568) | − 19.526 (12.927) | 2.489 (5.748) | − 11.110 (10.990) |
| Principal component 4 | 11.809** (5.738) | − 1.775 (5.772) | 1.225 (2.541) | − 4.186 (13.441) | − 6.285 (5.685) | − 4.735 (10.910) |
| Principal component 5 | − 19.235*** (6.044) | − 8.837 (5.726) | − 12.476*** (2.522) | 13.864 (14.572) | 3.253 (5.876) | 14.141 (11.529) |
| Principal component 6 | − 5.107 (5.624) | 2.201 (5.649) | − 0.477 (2.488) | 0.654 (12.162) | 1.108 (5.577) | − 0.932 (10.540) |
| Principal component 7 | − 6.071 (5.691) | 1.822 (5.726) | 3.144 (2.522) | − 3.799 (12.661) | 5.564 (5.576) | − 4.082 (10.714) |
| Principal component 8 | − 5.775 (5.698) | − 5.748 (5.719) | 4.920* (2.520) | 1.687 (12.149) | − 6.705 (5.598) | 4.985 (10.538) |
| Principal component 9 | − 1.158 (5.622) | 10.997* (5.629) | 1.934 (2.478) | − 14.535 (12.197) | 1.162 (5.515) | 9.875 (10.530) |
| Principal component 10 | − 1.211 (5.749) | − 2.945 (5.764) | − 1.762 (2.536) | 11.250 (12.469) | 2.448 (5.717) | 15.832 (10.887) |
| Constant | 23.066*** (0.623) | 24.414*** (0.428) | 8.162*** (0.106) | − 16.626*** (1.389) | 0.438 (0.559) | − 19.214*** (1.022) |
Full regression results for Table 2 (Panel C)
Standard errors in parentheses
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.10