Table 9.
The relationship between the polygenic risk score (PRS) for ADHD and labor market outcomes (random effects panel regressions)
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Employed | Log of earnings | Log of household wealth | Receiving social security disability benefits | Receiving unemployment or worker compensation | Receiving other governmental transfers | |
| Panel E: females and males aged 50–55 (N individuals = 6279, N individual-wave = 12,907) | ||||||
| PRS for ADHD | − 0.090 (0.059) | − 0.157*** (0.047) | − 0.139*** (0.022) | 0.049 (0.153) | 0.063 (0.064) | 0.305*** (0.107) |
| Age | − 0.133*** (0.025) | − 0.154*** (0.017) | 0.056*** (0.005) | 0.262*** (0.073) | 0.002 (0.031) | 0.079 (0.049) |
| Female | − 1.030*** (0.128) | − 0.807*** (0.096) | 0.265*** (0.044) | − 1.071*** (0.317) | − 0.948*** (0.132) | − 1.559*** (0.225) |
| With a partner | − 0.704*** (0.167) | − 0.957*** (0.126) | 1.002*** (0.048) | − 1.584*** (0.385) | − 0.274 (0.183) | − 1.269*** (0.255) |
| Number of living children | − 0.021 (0.032) | − 0.015 (0.026) | − 0.083*** (0.011) | 0.106 (0.078) | 0.053 (0.035) | 0.236*** (0.053) |
| Self-reported health (excellent) | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference | Reference |
| Self-reported health (very good) | 0.002 (0.127) | 0.064 (0.087) | − 0.099*** (0.028) | − 0.455 (0.619) | 0.271* (0.154) | 0.598** (0.290) |
| Self-reported health (good) | − 0.177 (0.142) | − 0.114 (0.100) | − 0.240*** (0.034) | 0.726 (0.575) | 0.457*** (0.165) | 1.020*** (0.300) |
| Self-reported health (fair) | − 0.861*** (0.180) | − 0.651*** (0.137) | − 0.385*** (0.046) | 2.178*** (0.590) | 0.352 (0.219) | 1.724*** (0.340) |
| Self-reported health (poor) | − 2.922*** (0.279) | − 2.320*** (0.217) | − 0.803*** (0.073) | 3.244*** (0.626) | 0.742** (0.308) | 2.215*** (0.424) |
| Health limits work | 0.069*** (0.007) | 0.078*** (0.005) | 0.032*** (0.002) | − 0.095*** (0.019) | − 0.020*** (0.007) | − 0.060*** (0.012) |
| Tenure in current occupation | − 2.977*** (0.140) | − 2.019*** (0.105) | − 0.227*** (0.035) | 6.691*** (0.520) | 0.397** (0.157) | 1.690*** (0.220) |
| Log of spousal earnings | 0.044*** (0.011) | 0.088*** (0.008) | 0.008*** (0.003) | − 0.069** (0.032) | 0.002 (0.013) | − 0.125*** (0.022) |
| Principal component 1 | 9.975 (6.741) | 5.754 (5.196) | 8.287*** (2.388) | 5.470 (17.667) | − 8.145 (7.367) | 20.898* (12.527) |
| Principal component 2 | 5.823 (6.340) | − 4.013 (5.032) | − 10.992*** (2.313) | 36.536* (19.755) | − 16.741*** (6.371) | 19.063 (12.666) |
| Principal component 3 | 1.228 (6.332) | − 5.490 (5.083) | − 2.498 (2.337) | − 17.437 (16.239) | − 5.458 (6.790) | 7.116 (11.119) |
| Principal component 4 | − 0.782 (6.529) | − 0.903 (5.141) | − 1.155 (2.364) | − 25.878 (18.539) | − 5.274 (6.980) | − 6.012 (11.917) |
| Principal component 5 | − 7.386 (6.778) | − 3.702 (5.194) | − 15.631*** (2.385) | 9.389 (17.812) | 4.889 (7.380) | 14.785 (12.461) |
| Principal component 6 | − 2.073 (6.195) | − 2.903 (4.935) | − 3.501 (2.272) | 8.650 (15.627) | − 1.037 (6.650) | 3.611 (10.869) |
| Principal component 7 | − 0.263 (6.385) | 1.448 (5.089) | − 1.051 (2.336) | − 3.400 (16.721) | 2.006 (6.851) | − 6.162 (11.344) |
| Principal component 8 | − 3.637 (6.209) | 2.070 (4.949) | 4.027* (2.272) | − 20.326 (16.023) | − 1.847 (6.671) | 0.720 (10.878) |
| Principal component 9 | 4.687 (6.256) | 6.370 (4.989) | − 1.655 (2.293) | − 6.778 (16.253) | 0.381 (6.745) | 3.827 (11.057) |
| Principal component 10 | − 7.066 (6.309) | − 10.118** (5.048) | 2.230 (2.316) | 24.516 (16.473) | 2.390 (6.822) | 28.212** (11.375) |
| Constant | 11.038*** (1.369) | 16.193*** (0.920) | 7.678*** (0.276) | − 23.004*** (4.105) | − 4.062** (1.666) | − 9.862*** (2.626) |
Full regression results for Table 2 (Panel E)
Standard errors in parentheses
***p < 0.01, **p < 0.05, *p < 0.10