Table 3.
Avoided burdens considered for different case studies of waste management treatments of MSW
| Source | Waste management technique | Avoided burdens |
|---|---|---|
| Eriksson et al. (2005) |
Incineration Incineration with biological treatment Incineration with material recycling Landfilling |
Consumption of primary energy production |
| Eriksson and Finnvedenb (2009) | Incineration | Use of fossil fuels for electricity and heat from a CHP unit |
| Bovea et al. (2010) |
Recycling Biological treatment Landfilling |
Use of virgin materials |
| Use of fertilisers and electrical energy | ||
| Electrical energy | ||
| Fruergaard and Astrup (2011) |
Co-combustion of solid recovered fuels Anaerobic digestion Incineration |
Use of fossil fuels for electricity and heat from a CHP unit |
| Use of fossil fuels for electricity, heat and transportation and fertilisers by the digestate fraction. | ||
| Use of fossil fuels for electricity and heat from a CHP unit | ||
| Iribarren et al. (2012) |
Sequential pyrolysis and catalytic reforming (SPCR) Incineration Landfilling |
Refinery gas, gasoline, diesel |
| Al-Salem et al. (2014a) |
Incineration and materials recovery facility (MRF) Low temperature pyrolysis Vea Combi-Cracking hydrogenation reactor |
Production of steam from natural gas and electricity from the grid. Production of virgin plastics, glass and steel from the MRF |
| Petrochemical-based commercial products and production of steam from natural gas | ||
| Commercial products from produced chemicals | ||
| Wang et al. (2015) | Pyrolysis | Coal, natural gas, diesel, gasoline |