Fig. 3.

Incorporation of thogotovirus GPs improved the transduction of AcMNPV in mammalian cells. A HeLa cells were transduced by Ac-WT, Ac-ThGP_HA, Ac-DhGP_HA and Ac-VSVG at an MOI of 5 or 20 TCID₅₀ units/cell and imaged by fluorescence microscopy at 24 h p.t. Bar, 100 μm. B Twelve mammalian cell lines were transduced by the recombinant viruses at an MOI of 5 or 20 TCID₅₀ units/cell and analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) at 24 h p.t. The transduction efficiency of Ac-ThGP_HA and Ac-DhGP_HA was significant higher than Ac-WT in six cell lines (the left panel) and was equal to, slightly higher, or even lower than Ac-WT in other six kinds of cells (the right panel). The results are mean ± SD (n = 3 experimental replicates). Significant difference relative to Ac-WT was performed by student’s t test: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001. C The comparison of Ac-ThGP_HA, Ac-DhGP_HA and Ac-VSVG transduction into different cell lines. Data of B at an MOI of 5 TCID₅₀ units/cell was analyzed and the fold increase of Ac-ThGP_HA and Ac-DhGP_HA comparing to Ac-WT was calculated. The cells were divided into four group in which the transduction efficiency of Ac-ThGP_HA and Ac-DhGP_HA > Ac-VSVG (type I), Ac-ThGP_HA and Ac-DhGP_HA < Ac-VSVG (type II), Ac-ThGP_HA, Ac-DhGP_HA and Ac-VSVG is equal or slightly higher than Ac-WT (type III) and Ac-ThGP_HA and Ac-DhGP_HA < Ac-WT (type IV). Significant difference relative to Ac-VSVG was performed by student’s t test: *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.