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. 2019 Aug 8;9:11519. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-47993-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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KUS121 protects primary cortical neurons under oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD). (a) The chemical structure of KUS121, an ATPase inhibitor of valosin-containing protein (VCP). (b) Cell viability measured by WST (water-soluble tetrazolium salt) assay. Primary cortical neurons from the rats were exposed to vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO) or KUS121 under control conditions or under OGD for 2 h (n = 4; ***p < 0.001). (c) Left: MAP2 stained rat primary cortical neurons after OGD. Primary neurons were exposed to OGD for 1.5 h in the presence of vehicle (DMSO) or 100 μM KUS121. Scale bar: 100 μm. Right: Graph showing the ratio of MAP2-positive area to the total image area (n = 4; *p < 0.05).