Table 1.

Summary of bipolar nsPEF parameters that evoked maximal stimulation or cancellation of Ca²⁺ influx elicited by a 150 ns unipolar pulse.

Condition	Effect on Ca2+ Fluorescence Intensity
	Stimulation (%)	Cancellation (%)	P value
1. Untreated cells
Symmetrical bipolar pulse*
↑150 + ↓150 ns vs ↑150 ns	18	—	<0.01
↑200 + ↓200 ns vs ↑200 ns	26	—	<0.01
↑400 + ↓400 ns vs ↑400 ns	15	—	<0.01
Asymmetrical bipolar pulse*
↑150 + ↓200 ns vs ↑150 ns	29	—	NS
↑150 + ↓400 ns vs ↑150 ns	37	—	<0.05
↑150 + ↓800 ns vs ↑150 ns	47	—	<0.01
Asymmetrical bipolar pulse**
↑150 + ↓200 ns (2.4 kV/cm)	35	—	NS
↑150 + ↓200 ns (0.2 kV/cm)	—	4	NS
↑150 + ↓400 ns (2.4 kV/cm)	36	—	<0.05
↑150 + ↓400 ns (0.2 kV/cm)	—	27	NS
↑150 + ↓800 ns (2.4 kV/cm)	66	—	<0.05
↑150 + ↓800 ns (0.2 kV/cm)	—	43	<0.05
↑150 + ↓1000 ns (2.4 kV/cm)	86	—	<0.05
↑150 + ↓1000 ns (0.2 kV/cm)	—	36	<0.05
2. VGCCs blocked
Symmetrical bipolar pulse*
↑150 + ↓150 ns	—	60	<0.05
Asymmetrical bipolar pulse**
↑150 + ↓1000 ns (3.1/0.4 kV/cm)	—	58	<0.05

^*3.1 kV/cm each phase.

^**3.1 kV/cm positive phase, varied amplitude and duration of the negative phase.

NS: Not significant.