Table 4. Comparison of patient characteristics between the TH and TS groups of the matched cohort.

Variables	Category	TH (N=190), n [%]	TS (N=190), n [%]	P value
Age	Median [range]	65 [34–81]	65 [36–81]	0.9277
Sex	Men	83 [44]	78 [41]
	Women	107 [56]	112 [59]	0.6780
Smoking index	<40	147 [77]	153 [81]
(pack-year)	≥40	43 [23]	37 [19]	0.5294
Comorbidity	Yes	18 [9]	23 [12]
	No	172 [91]	167 [88]	0.5088
Respiratory function
% FVC	≥80%	190 [100]	190 [100]
	<80%	0 0]	0 0]	1
FEV1.0%	≥70%	155 [82]	163 [86]
	<70%	35 [18]	27 [14]	0.3312
Operative procedure	Lobectomy	190 [100]	190 [100]
	Others	0 [0]	0 [0]	1

TH, thoracotomy; TS, thoracoscopic surgery; % FVC, % forced vital capacity; FEV1.0%, forced expiratory volume 1.0%.