Table 1. Baseline characteristics.
| Variable | Mean ± SD (range) or n (%) (N=133) |
|---|---|
| Age, years | 65.3±13.5 (22.0–88.0) |
| <50 | 16 (12.0) |
| 50–60 | 18 (13.5) |
| >60 | 99 (74.4) |
| Female gender | 68 (51.1) |
| Race | |
| Caucasian/white | 113 (85.0) |
| Not available | 20 (15.0) |
| Echocardiographic variables | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.3±6.7 (15.8–62.1) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 61.2±13.7 (22.4–85.6) |
| NYHA | |
| Class I | 28 (21.1) |
| Class II | 61 (45.9) |
| Class III | 43 (32.3) |
| Class IV | 1 (0.8) |
| Comorbidities | |
| Mitral insufficiency | 109 (82.0) |
| Tricuspid insufficiency | 91 (68.4) |
| Coronary artery disease | 64 (48.1) |
| Systemic hypertension | 105 (78.9) |
| Hyperlipidemia/hypercholesteremia | 92 (69.2) |
| Cardiac rhythm/conduction disturbance | 33 (24.8) |
| Myocardial infarction | 10 (7.5) |
| Rheumatic fever | 8 (6.0) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 7 (5.3) |
| Congestive heart failure | 3 (2.3) |
| Obesity | 49 (36.8) |
| Diabetes | 24 (18.0) |
| Renal failure | 13 (9.8) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 11 (8.3) |
| Smoker | 27 (20.3) |
| Current smoker | 9 (6.8) |
NYHA, New York Heart Association.