Table 3. Outcomes of patients with invasive mechanical ventilation.
| Outcomes | All (n=483) | High-income (n=291) | Middle-income (n=192) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Successful weaning | 366 (75.6) | 223 (76.6) | 143 (74.5) | 0.589 |
| Classification of weaning | ||||
| Short weaning | 247 (51.1) | 166 (57.0) | 81 (42.2) | 0.001 |
| Difficult weaning | 121 (25.1) | 65 (22.3) | 56 (29.2) | 0.107 |
| Prolonged weaning | 60 (12.4) | 29 (10.0) | 31 (16.1) | 0.044 |
| No weaning | 55 (11.4) | 31 (10.7) | 24 (12.5) | 0.664 |
| Preventative NIV after extubation | 33 (6.8) | 16 (5.5) | 17 (8.9) | 0.153 |
| Tracheostomy | 45 (9.3) | 25 (8.6) | 20 (10.4) | 0.499 |
| Ventilator-free days, day 14 (days) | 8.6 (0–12.1) | 8.8 (0–12.3) | 8.0 (0–11.6) | 0.046 |
| Ventilator-free days, day 28 (days) | 22.3 (0–26.1) | 22.6 (0–26.2) | 21.2 (0–25.6) | 0.020 |
| Length of stay in ICU (days) | 22.3 (0–26.1) | 5.8 (2.5–10.6) | 5.7 (2.5–11.4) | 0.791 |
| Length of stay in hospital (days) | 16.3 (8.2–28.4) | 16.4 (9.2–26.9) | 15.4 (6.7–29.8) | 0.821 |
| ICU mortality | 118 (24.4) | 70 (24.1) | 48 (25.0) | 0.813 |
| 28-day mortality | 123 (25.5) | 64 (22.0) | 59 (30.7) | 0.031 |
| Hospital mortality | 152 (31.5) | 83 (28.5) | 69 (35.9) | 0.086 |
Data are median (IQR) or number (%). No weaning: comprising patients who never experienced any separation attempt. Short weaning: the first attempt resulted in a termination of the weaning process within one day (successful separation or early death). Difficult weaning: the weaning was completed after more than one day but in less than one week after the first separation attempt (successful weaning or death). Prolonged weaning: weaning was still not terminated 7 days after the first separation attempt (by success or death). ICU, intensive care unit; IQR, interquartile range; NIV, non-invasive mechanical ventilation.