Table 2.
Characteristics of the 1,273 sons and association between SLE exposure in early (GW18) and late (GW34) pregnancy and risk of cryptorchidism in sons.
| All/N (%) or Average (SD) | Cryptorchidism/N (%) or Average (SD) | Crude OR (95% CI)f | Adjusted model OR (95% CI)g | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SLE exposurea | Yes (n = 24) | No (n = 1249) | |||
| GW18 | 1.18 (1.21) | 1.33 (1.49) | 1.18 (1.21) | 1.11 (0.81; 1.51) | 1.06 (0.77; 1.45) |
| GW34 | 1.08 (1.20) | 1.46 (1.82) | 1.06 (1.18) | 1.27 (0.92; 1.77) | 1.18 (0.84; 1.67) |
| Lifestyle- and person-related characteristics of mothersb | |||||
| Maternal age at pregnancy (<25 years) | 402 (30.7) | 8 (33.3) | 382 (30.6) | 0.99 (0.92; 1.06) | 0.99 (0.92; 1.07) |
| Consumed alcohol (yes)b | 617 (47.2) | 11 (45.8) | 591 (47.3) | 0.94 (0.42; 2.12) | 1.14 (0.49; 2.67) |
| Smoker (yes)b | 322 (24.6) | 5 (20.8) | 313 (25.1) | 0.79 (0.29; 2.13) | 0.60 (0.21; 1.70) |
| Low family incomec | 596 (45.6) | 15 (62.5) | 571 (45.7) | 1.72 (0.91: 3.22) | 1.81 (0.73: 4.53) |
| Education (None)d | 672 (51.4) | 10 (41.7) | 609 (48.8) | 1.33 (0.59; 3.02) | 1.23 (0.51; 2.95) |
| Parity (≥1) | 686 (52.5) | 15 (62.5) | 651 (52.1) | 1.53 (0.67; 3.52) | 1.66 (0.66; 4.18) |
| Person-related characteristics of sons | |||||
| Birthweight (<2,500 g) | 94 (7.2) | 3 (12.5) | 63 (5.0) | 2.60 (0.76; 8.95) | 0.77 (0.15; 3.91) |
| Gestational age at birth (<37 weeks) | 67 (5.2) | 5 (20.8) | 66 (5.3) | 4.72 (1.71; 13.0) | 5.58 (1.47; 21.3) |
| Cryptorchidism (yes)e | 24 (1.9) | 24 (100) | – | – | – |
The questionnaire at GW18 related to the period since becoming pregnant, and on the GW34 questionnaire, the women were asked whether any of the events had been experienced during the past 4 months, ensuring that the same event was not counted twice.
As reported by mothers in questionnaire data at gestational week 18.
Average annual family income level per annum below AUD 24,000 reflecting the minimum income level in 1989–1991, according to the Australian Government guidelines.
No education vs. some form of education including: trade, non-degree, college degree, university degree, or other education.
Includes both unilateral and bilateral cryptorchidism.
Each exposure variable or co-variate included individually in the model, except for the model estimating the risk of SLE exposures in GW34 which was adjusted for exposure in GW18.
The fully adjusted OR for each SLE exposure period, and mutually adjusted OR for each co-variate in the risk model for both gestational periods (GW18 + GW34).