Table 1.
Baseline characteristics (n=33 877 938)
| Number of individuals with missing data* | Number of individuals | Person-years | Leprosy cases | Crude incidence†(95% CI) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic variables | ||||||
| Age | 2816 (<0·1%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| <15 years | .. | 14 172 096 (41·8%) | 62 898 954 | 3273 | 5·2 (5·0–5·4) | |
| ≥15 years | .. | 19 701 096 (58·2%) | 76 867 919 | 20 636 | 26·8 (26·5–27·2) | |
| Sex | 0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Female | .. | 18 499 333 (54·6%) | 75 642 536 | 11 778 | 15·6 (15·3–15·9) | |
| Male | .. | 15 378 605 (45·4%) | 64 137 271 | 12 133 | 18·9 (18·6–19·3) | |
| Distal variables | ||||||
| Region of family home | 0 | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| South | .. | 3 729 784 (11·0%) | 13 633 178 | 663 | 4·9 (4·5–5·2) | |
| Southeast | .. | 12 760 974 (37·7%) | 48 906 390 | 3268 | 6·7 (6·5–6·9) | |
| North | .. | 4 179 048 (12·3%) | 18 314 832 | 5525 | 30·2 (29·4–31) | |
| Northeast | .. | 10 323 799 (30·5%) | 48 101 419 | 10 017 | 20·8 (20·4–21·2) | |
| Central-west | .. | 2 884 333 (8·5%) | 10 823 988 | 4 438 | 41 (39·8–42·2) | |
| Location of family home | 36 956 (0·1%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Urban | .. | 27 430 499 (81·0%) | 109 800 000 | 18 953 | 17·3 (17·0–17·5) | |
| Rural | .. | 6 410 472 (18·9%) | 29 895 545 | 4936 | 16·5 (16·1–17) | |
| Intermediate variables | ||||||
| Race or ethnicity | 943 260 (2·8%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| “Pardo” (ie, mixed race) | .. | 19 275 827 (56·9%) | 83 774 268 | 16 958 | 20·2 (19·9–20·6) | |
| “Branco” (ie, white) | .. | 11 154 507 (32·9%) | 43 225 070 | 4448 | 10·3 (10·0–10·6) | |
| “Preto” (ie, black) | .. | 2 115 391 (6·2%) | 9 241 334 | 1892 | 20·5 (19·6–41·4) | |
| Indigenous | .. | 247 685 (0·7%) | 1 115 229 | 80 | 7·2 (5·8–8·9) | |
| Asian | .. | 141 268 (0·4%) | 426 151 | 78 | 18·3 (14·7–22·9) | |
| Highest level of education‡ | 4 027 882 (11·9%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Higher education | .. | 193 732 (0·6%) | 785 443 | 69 | 8·8 (6·9–11·1) | |
| Year 10–12 | .. | 7 906 287 (23·3%) | 22 117 454 | 2338 | 10·6 (10·2–11·0) | |
| Year 6–9 | .. | 9 792 017 (28·9%) | 41 842 035 | 5945 | 14·2 (13·9–14·6) | |
| Year 1–5 | .. | 8 933 482 (26·4%) | 41 040 299 | 8839 | 21·5 (21·1–22·0) | |
| Preschool, no education, or illiterate | .. | 3 024 538 (8·9%) | 14 461 430 | 4154 | 28·7 (24·6–29·6) | |
| Employment‡ | 4 768 980 (14·1%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Currently employed | .. | 17 700 913 (52·2%) | 61 157 120 | 10 478 | 17·1 (16·8–17·5) | |
| Unemployed student | .. | 4 327 199 (12·8%) | 26 942 843 | 5335 | 19·8 (19·3–20·3) | |
| Unemployed (not student) | .. | 10 080 846 (29·8%) | 28 555 481 | 5 483 | 19·2 (18·7–19·7) | |
| Income per capita§ | 929 (<0·1%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| >1 minimum wage | .. | 1 424 157 (4·2%) | 3 801 664 | 857 | 22·1 (20·7–23·6) | |
| >0·5–1 minimum wage | .. | 4 513 939 (13·3%) | 13 027 761 | 3535 | 27·1 (26·3–28) | |
| >0·25–0·5 minimum wage | .. | 6 438 130 (19·0%) | 23 592 423 | 3845 | 16·3 (15·8–16·8) | |
| 0–0·25 minimum wage | .. | 16 662 023 (49·2%) | 80 578 218 | 12 986 | 16·1 (15·8–16·4) | |
| No income | .. | 4 838 760 (14·3%) | 18 697 865 | 2687 | 14·4 (13·8–14·9) | |
| Proximal variables | ||||||
| Housing material | 849 112 (2·5%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Brick or cement | .. | 26 645 109 (78·7%) | 106 900 000 | 16 339 | 15·3 (15·1–15·5) | |
| Taipa, wood, or other | .. | 6 383 717 (18·8%) | 31 139 685 | 7254 | 23·3 (22·8–23·8) | |
| Household water supply | 849 109 (2·5%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Public network | .. | 24 975 375 (73·7%) | 100 100 000 | 16 110 | 16·1 (15·8–16·3) | |
| Well, natural source, cistern, or other | .. | 8 053 454 (23·8%) | 37 981 211 | 7483 | 19·7 (19·3–20·2) | |
| Sewage disposal system | 1 577 939 (4·7%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Public network | .. | 17 084 378 (50·4%) | 66 948 282 | 7609 | 11·4 (11·1–11·6) | |
| Septic tank, ditch, or other | .. | 15 215 621 (44·9%) | 69 532 912 | 15 597 | 19·7 (19·3–20·2) | |
| Electricity in family home | 849 060 (2·5%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Home meter | .. | 26 683 824 (78·8%) | 109 500 000 | 18 922 | 17·3 (17–17·5) | |
| Community meter | .. | 2 108 775 (6·2%) | 8 110 157 | 838 | 10·3 (9·7–11·1) | |
| Illegal electricity, gas lighting, candlelight, or other | .. | 4 236 279 (12·5%) | 20 483 095 | 3833 | 18·7 (18·1–19·3) | |
| Waste collection | 849 136 (2·5%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| Public collection system | .. | 26 872 031 (79·3%) | 107 600 000 | 17 783 | 16·5 (16·3–16·8) | |
| Burned, buried, outdoor disposal, or other | .. | 6 156 771 (18·2%) | 30 467 394 | 5811 | 19·1 (18·6–19·6) | |
| Density (individuals per room) | 865 411 (2·6%) | .. | .. | .. | .. | |
| ≤0·5 | .. | 9 989 012 (29·5%) | 35 201 492 | 8687 | 24·7 (24·2–25·2) | |
| >0·5–0·75 | .. | 7 103 940 (21·0%) | 27 826 309 | 4296 | 15·4 (15–15·9) | |
| >0·75–1·00 | .. | 7 806 338 (23·0%) | 33 761 337 | 5007 | 14·8 (14·4–15·3) | |
| >1·00 | .. | 8 113 237 (23·9%) | 41 223 277 | 5583 | 13·5 (13·2–19·9) | |
Data are n or n (%) unless otherwise specified.
*
Individuals with missing data were included in the study population and for the estimation of crude incidence, but not in the adjusted analysis (table 2).
†
The crude incidence is expressed per 100 000 person-years.
‡
Information on education and employment is reported for adult individuals (>18 years) or for the oldest member of the family of individuals younger than 18 years.
§
Income in minimum wage was calculated by year, dividing the familial income by the minimum wage in the year of application in the Cadastro Único para Programas Sociais.