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Quantitative analysis for biofilm formation in the three strains with different characterization methods. (A) Crystal violet staining for LB medium and fermentation medium; (B) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of biofilm formation and cell adhesion under different magnification levels; and (C) Fluorescence microscope images of biofilm and cell adhesion under different magnification levels. I: E. coli W1688, II: E. coli W1688-fimH*, and III: E. coli W1688-ΔfimH.
