Table 1.
Details of RCT treatment studies in CHR (N=20)
| Author, Year |
Country | Study Design |
Intervention | Control | Treatment Duration (weeks) |
CHR Patients | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Age M±SD |
Male N (%) |
||||||
| Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (n=5) | ||||||||
| (Addington et al., 2011) (9) | Canada | RCT | CBT | Supportive therapy |
24 | 51 | CBT: 20.8±4.5 Supportive: 21.1±3.7 |
36 (71) |
| (Morrison et al., 2004) (4) | United Kingdom | RCT | CBT | TAU | 24 | 58 | 22±4.5 | 40 (69) |
| (Morrison et al., 2012) (5) | United Kingdom | RCT | CBT + Monitoring | Monitoring | 24 | 288 | 20.7±4.3 | 180 (63) |
| (Stain et al., 2016) (10) | Australia, New Zealand | RCT | CBT + TAU | NDRL + TAU | 24 | 57 | CBT: 16.2±2.7 NDRL: 16.5±3.2 |
23 (40) |
| (Van Der Gaag et al., 2012) (8) | Netherlands | RCT | CBT + TAU | TAU | 24 | 201 | CBT: 22.9±5.6 TAU: 22.6±5.5 |
99 (49) |
| Family Therapy (n=1) | ||||||||
| (Miklowitz et al., 2014) (21) | USA + Canada | RCT | Family focused therapy | Enhanced care | 24 | 129 | 17.4±4.1 | 74 (57) |
| Cognitive Remediation (n=3) | ||||||||
| (Choi et al., 2017) (20) | USA | RCT | CR | Active control | 8 | 62 | CR: 18.2±3.8 Active Control: 18.5±3.7 |
30 (48) |
| (Loewy et al., 2016) (19) | USA | RCT | CR | Computer games | 8 | 83 | CR:17.8±3.1 Control:18.7±4.6 |
42 (51) |
| (Piskulic et al., 2015) (18) | Canada | RCT | CR | Computer games | 12 | 43 | CR:19.7±5.7 Games:17.5±3.5 |
NR |
| Integrated Psychological Therapy (n=1) | ||||||||
| (Bechdolf et al., 2012) (22) | Germany | RCT | IPT | Supportive therapy | 52 | 128 | IPT: 25.2±5.4 Supportive: 26.8±6.2 |
81 (63) |
| Risperidone plus CBT (n=2) | ||||||||
| (McGorry et al., 2002) (28) | Australia | RCT | Risperidone: 1-2 mg/day + CBT | NBI | 24 | 59 | 20±4.0 | 34 (58) |
| (McGorry et al., 2013) (32) | Australia | RCT | Risperidone: 0.5-2 mg/day + CBT or CBT + placebo | Supportive therapy + placebo or monitoring | 52 | 193 | 18.1±3.0 | 76 (39) |
| Omega-3 (n=3) | ||||||||
| (Amminger et al., 2010) (24) | Austria | RCT | Omega-3 ω-3 PUFAs: 1.2 g/day | Placebo | 12 | 81 | Omega: 16.8±2.4 Placebo: 16.0±1.7 |
27 (33) |
| (Cadenhead et al., 2017) (23) | USA + Canada | RCT | Omega-3 FAs: 740 mg EPA, 400 mg DHA/day | Placebo | 24 | 127 | NR | NR |
| (McGorry et al., 2017) (25) | Multi-national | RCT | Omega-3 ω-3 PUFAs: 1.4 g/day + CBCM | Placebo + CBCM | 24 | 304 | 19.1±4.6 | 139 (46) |
| N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) modulators (n=2) | ||||||||
| (Kantrowitz et al., 2016) (27) | USA | RCT | D-serine: 60 mg/kg/day | Placebo | 16 | 35 | D-serine: 20±4.9 placebo: 19±3.5 |
23 (65) |
| (Woods et al, 2013) (26) | USA | RCT | Glycine: 0.8 g/kg/day | Placebo | 12 | 8 | Glycine: 15.3±0.5 Placebo:16.5±2.4 |
6 (75) |
| Antipsychotics (n=3) | ||||||||
| (Ruhrmann et al., 2007) (30) | Germany | RCT | Amisulpride: mean dose 118.7 mg/day + NFI | NFI | 12 | 124 | 25.6±6.3 | 70 (57) |
| (McGlashan et al., 2006) (29) | USA + Canada | RCT | Olanzapine: 5-15 mg/day | Placebo | 52 | 60 | Olanzapine:18.2±5.5 Placebo:17.2±4.0 |
39 (65) |
| (Woods et al., 2017) (31) | USA | RCT | Ziprasidone: 20-160 mg/day | Placebo | 24 | 50 | 22.3±4.2 | 32 (64) |
Abbreviations: AD= antidepressants; AP= antipsychotics; CBT= cognitive behavioral therapy; CBCM= Cognitive-behavioral case management; CM= case management; CR= cognitive remediation; DHA= docosahexaenoic acid; EPA= eicosapentaenoic acid; FAs= fatty acids; IPT= Integrated psychological therapy; NBI= Needs based intervention; NDRL=non-directive reflective listening; NFI= Needs focused intervention; NR= not reported; PUFA= polyunsaturated fatty acid; RCT= Randomized controlled trial; TAU= treatment as usual