P. vivax invasion of host cells. (A) Schematic showing the different steps during merozoite invasion of host RBC from initial weak attachment, reorientation, tight junction formation and invasion. (B) List of known and hypothesized P. vivax parasite invasion ligands along with summary reports of RBC binding, either directly or from orthologues, localization data to merozoite surface, rhoptry or microneme organelles and reactivity with patient sera.