Table 5.
Baseline characteristics of the participants of the DNFCS (n = 735) and NU-AGE study (n = 250).
| DNFCS | NU-AGE | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total population (n = 735) | Men (n = 369) | Women (n = 366) | Total population (n = 250) | Men (n = 111) | Women (n = 139) |
| Age, years | 77.1 ± 5.2 | 76.7 ± 5.0 | 77.6 ± 5.4* | 71.0 ± 4.0 | 70.9 ± 4.2 | 71.1 ± 3.9* |
| BMI, kg/m2a | 27.4 ± 3.8 | 27.2 ± 3.2 | 27.6 ± 4.3 | 26.1± 3.6 | 26.7 ± 3.5 | 25.5 ± 3.6* |
| Highly educatedb | 166 (22.6) | 104 (28.3) | 62 (16.9)* | 35 (14.0) | 22 (19.8) | 13 (9.4) |
| SMOKING STATUS | ||||||
| Never | 253 (34.4) | 55 (14.9) | 198 (54.1)* | 125 (50) | 42 (37.8) | 83 (59.7)* |
| Former | 407 (55.4) | 269 (72.9) | 138 (37.7) | 117 (46.8) | 65 (58.6) | 52 (37.4) |
| Current | 75 (10.2) | 45 (12.2) | 30 (8.2) | 8 (3.2) | 4 (3.6) | 4 (2.9) |
| Physically activec | 576 (78.4) | 280 (75.9) | 296 (81.1) | 137.8 ± 53.3 | 141.2 ± 54.1 | 135 ± 52.7 |
| Diabetes mellitusd | 88 (12.0) | 51 (13.9) | 37 (10.1) | 9 (3.6) | 2 (1.8) | 7 (5.0) |
| Hypertensiond | 218 (29.7) | 91 (24.7) | 127 (34.7)* | 83 (33.2) | 38 (34.2) | 45 (32.4) |
| Osteoporosisd | 60 (8.2) | 2 (0.5) | 58 (15.8)* | 26 (10.4) | 3 (2.7) | 23 (16.5)* |
| Energy, kcal | 1,964 ± 457 | 2,164 ± 420 | 1,763 ± 402* | 1,901 ± 396 | 2,086 ± 440 | 1,754 ± 282* |
| Sodium, mg | 2,318 ± 804 | 2,563 ± 841 | 2,070 ± 683* | 2,362 ± 634 | 2,651 ± 690 | 2,131 ± 474* |
| Alcohol, g | 11.4 ± 16.1 | 16.0 ± 19.0 | 6.7 ± 10.6* | 12.8 ± 11.9 | 16.4 ± 13.6 | 9.9 ± 9.4* |
| Fat, EN% | 34.6 ± 5.8 | 34.4 ± 5.6 | 34.8 ± 6.0 | 34.3 ± 5.1* | 33.5 ± 4.5 | 34.9 ± 5.4* |
| Carbohydrates, EN% | 43.4 ± 6.7 | 42.7 ± 6.9 | 44.1 ± 6.5* | 42.1± 6 | 42.3 ± 5.7 | 42.0 ± 6.2* |
| Protein, EN% | 15.7 ± 3.0 | 15.4 ± 2.8 | 15.9 ± 3.1* | 16.2 ± 2.4 | 15.9 ± 2.2 | 16.4 ± 2.5 |
| NU-AGE index | 62.4 ± 14.8 | 60.2 ± 15.0 | 64.6 ± 14.2 | 70.2 ± 16.1 | 65.1 ± 14.9 | 74.2 ± 15.9* |
Values are presented as mean ± SD and number (%).
BMI, body mass index; EN%, energy percentage; DNFCS, Dutch National Food Consumption Survey.
a
DNFCS: n = 706 (10 men, 19 women missing).
b
Highly educated is defined as higher vocational education or university in DNFCS and as >16 years of education (at least Bachelor degree) in NU-AGE.
c
Physically active is defined as a minimum of 30 minutes of moderately intense activity ≥5 days a week in DNFCS, and as PASE score within NU-AGE (DNFCS: n = 734; NU-AGE: n = 248).
d
DNFCS: n = 734 (1 man missing).
*
statistically significant difference between men and women.