Table 6.

Relationship between area-level SES and type of urbanization with average number of steps per day

Independent variables	Dependent variable: steps per day
	Girls			Boys
	B	95% CI	p	B	95% CI	p
Fixed Effects
(Intercept)	11,238.91	10,027.93–12,449.88	< 0.001	12,811.19	11,529.94–14,092.44	< 0.001
School SES: low (ref: high)	− 331.50	− 1291.55 - 628.56	0.502	− 380.06	− 1357.45 - 597.32	0.449
Site: Vancouver (ref: Ottawa)	518.26	− 630.67 - 1667.18	0.381	− 144.87	− 1339.18 - 1049.45	0.813
Site: Trois-Rivières	− 165.61	− 1384.79 - 1053.57	0.791	301.87	− 955.33 - 1559.08	0.640
Type of urbanization: suburban (ref: urban)	266.78	− 876.33 - 1409.88	0.649	89.97	− 1072.09 - 1252.04	0.880
Type of urbanization: rural	−78.52	− 1250.97 - 1093.93	0.896	154.67	− 1060.84 - 1370.17	0.804
Parental education: high school or less (ref: University)	217.16	− 501.66 - 935.98	0.556	−459.46	− 1406.80 - 487.87	0.346
Parental education: college	93.23	−452.51 - 638.96	0.739	− 397.81	− 1081.85 - 286.23	0.259
Age in years (centered)	−56.42	− 288.97 - 176.12	0.636	−478.02	−778.04 - -178.00	0.003
Car ownership: ≥ 2 cars (ref: ≤ 1 car)	136.17	− 328.47 - 600.81	0.568	185.22	− 432.94 - 803.38	0.559
Home ownership: yes (ref: no)	−65.26	−597.69 - 467.16	0.811	183.09	− 523.90 - 890.08	0.614
Random Effects
σ2	10,316,244.723			14,336,948.928
τ00, School_ID	1,673,547.941			1,455,090.348
NSchool_ID	37			37
ICCSchool_ID	0.140			0.092
Observations	935			764
R2 / Ω02	0.167 / 0.160			0.140 / 0.129
AIC	17,836.433			14,823.427
Deviance	17,810.433			14,797.427

B Unstandardized beta coefficient, CI Confidence interval, p p-value, SES Socioeconomic status, σ² variance within cluster groups (schools), τ₀₀ variance within the dependent variable between schools, N Number of schools, ICC Intraclass correlation coefficient, R² / Ω₀² pseudo R² estimates, AIC Akaike information criterion