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. 2019 Aug 9;18:123. doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-1052-9

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 1 — piRNA biosynthesis mechanism. Within the nucleus, two types of piRNA clusters are transcribed to produce the primary piRNAs, Zuc and its co-factors incised primary piRNAs producing piRNA intermediates with a 5′ uracil in Yb body. piRNA intermediates linked piwi that are cleavage by Zuc or Papi-dependent trimmer to form 3’end . Following methylation in cytoplasm, the mature piRNA-piwi complex is producted. Abbreviations: TSS: transcription start site; Zuc: zucchini