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. 2019 Aug 9;18:123. doi: 10.1186/s12943-019-1052-9

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© The Author(s). 2019

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 2 — piRNA/piwi protein function. a. At TGS level, the piRNA-proteins complex recruit silencing machinery components to bring repressive H3K9me3 marks to target DNA body and remove active H3K4me2 marks from promoter regions. In addition, piRNAs/piwi complex recruits DNMT, results in methylation at CpG sites in genic. b. At PTGS level, the piRNAs/piwi complex bind to targeted RNAs and impede their function by sequence complementary. c. piRNAs/piwi complex-protein interaction. The interaction between piRNAs/piwi and proteins alter the subcellular localization of proteins and facilitate the interaction of multiple proteins. Abbreviations: TGS: transcription gene silencing; PTGS: post-transcription gene silencing; H3K9me3: histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation; H3K4me2: histone 3 lysine 4 dimethylation; DNMT: DNA methyltransferase