Table 3.
The role of piwi proteins in various Cancer
| PIWI | Cancer | Expression | Function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PIWIL1 | Lung cancer | up | DNA hypomethylation | [105] |
| Gastric cancer | up | Regulate signaling pathway of gastric cancer | [106] | |
| Colorectal cancer | up | be used as an important molecular marker for predicting the prognosis of CRC patients | [107] | |
| Renal cell cancer | down | serve as potential prognostic biomarkers in patients with RCC | [103] | |
| Endometrial cancer | up | become a valuable target for developing a novel treatment; DNA methylation | [108, 109] | |
| Invasive ductal carcinoma | up | aberrant DNA methylation | [110] | |
| PIWIL2 | glioma | up | correlated with the poor prognosis | [111] |
| cervical cancer | up | induced H3K9 acetylation but reduced H3K9 trimethylation, | [112] | |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | up | increasing the expression of CDK2 and CyclinA | [113] | |
| Renal cell cancer | down | connected with bad survival | [103] | |
| PIWIL3 | Glioma | down | regulate PIWIL3/piR-30,188/OIP5-AS1/miR-367-3p/CEBPA/TRAF4 pathway | [38] |
| Gastric cancer | up | regulate JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway | [114] | |
| Multiple myeloma | up | involve in MM progression and metastatic | [115] | |
| PIWIL4 | Triple-negative breast cancer | up | activating TGF-β, MAPK/ERK, and FGF signaling and avoiding immune recognition | [116] |