Table 5.
Risk factors of metabolic syndrome among the workers
| Variables | Metabolic syndrome |
P | OR (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (n=10), n (%) | Absent (n=40), n (%) | |||
| HDL (normal) | 10 (100.0) | 40 (100.0) | ||
| TG | ||||
| Raised | 8 (80.0) | 11 (27.5) | ||
| Normal | 2 (20.0) | 29 (72.5) | 0.004** | 1.55 (1.93-5.60) |
| SBP | ||||
| Normal | 9 (90.0) | 34 (85.0) | ||
| Raised | 1 (10.0) | 6 (15.0) | 1.000 | 0.52 (0.06-4.83) |
| DBP | ||||
| Raised | 8 (80.0) | 10 (25.0) | ||
| Normal | 2 (20.0) | 30 (75.0) | 0.002** | 12.00 (2.18-66.13) |
| Abdominal obesity | ||||
| Present | 10 (100.0) | 15 (37.5) | ||
| Absent | 0 (0.0) | 25 (62.5) | 0.000*** | 1.67 (1.21-2.30) |
| Impaired FPG | ||||
| No | 5 (50.0) | 38 (95.0) | ||
| Yes | 5 (50.0) | 2 (5.0) | 0.002** | 0.05 (0.01-0.35) |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 40-60 | 7 (70.0) | 20 (50.0) | ||
| 19-39 | 3 (30.0) | 20 (50.0) | 0.219 | 2.33 (0.53-10.33) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Never married | 0 (0.0) | 5 (12.5) | ||
| Ever married | 10 (100.0) | 35 (87.5) | 0.311 | 0.78 (0.67-9.09) |
| Irregular meals | ||||
| No | 1 (10.0) | 8 (20.0) | ||
| Yes | 9 (90.0) | 32 (80.0) | 0.416 | 2.25 (0.25-20.44) |
| Nutrition and CVD knowledge | ||||
| Good (>50%) | 8 (80.0) | 31 (77.5) | ||
| Poor (<50%) | 2 (20.0) | 9 (22.5) | 0.618 | 0.86 (0.15-4.80) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 0 (0.0) | 23 (57.5) | ||
| Female | 10 (100.0) | 17 (42.5) | 0.001** | 0.63 (0.47-0.84) |
| Hours of exercise per week | ||||
| Above 1 h | 2 (33.3) | 11 (39.3) | ||
| 1 h and below | 4 (66.7) | 17 (60.7) | 1.000 | 0.73 (0.12-4.96) |
| CVD in family | ||||
| Yes | 3 (30.0) | 18 (45.0) | ||
| No | 7 (70.0) | 22 (55.0) | 0.312 | 0.52 (0.12-2.32) |
| Type of fluid often consumed | ||||
| Water | 1 (10.0) | 20 (50.0) | ||
| Other fluids (fruit juices, carbonated drinks, energy drinks, and alcoholic beverages) | 9 (90.0) | 20 (50.0) | 0.031* | 0.11 (0.01-0.96) |
| Use added salt | ||||
| No | 7 (70.0) | 16 (40.0) | ||
| Yes | 3 (30.0) | 24 (60.0) | 0.155 | 0.29 (0.06-1.27) |
| Smoking | ||||
| No | 9 (90.0) | 37 (92.5) | ||
| Yes | 1 (10.0) | 13 (7.5) | 0.246 | 0.23 (0.03-2.02) |
| Alcohol | ||||
| Yes | 6 (60.0) | 15 (37.5) | ||
| No | 4 (40.0) | 25 (62.5) | 0.286 | 2.50 (0.61-10.32) |
*P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. CVD, P values were generated through Chi-square analysis. CVD – Cardiovascular diseases; HDL-C – High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol; BP – Blood pressure; SBP – Systolic BP, DBP – Diastolic BP; TG – Triglyceride; CI – Confidence interval; OR – Odds ratio; FPG – Fasting plasma glucose