Table 1.
Cross-country comparison of disease burden, health system and macro-fiscal indicators
| Indicator | Ethiopia | India | Nepal | Nigeria | South Africa | Uganda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population in 2015 (millions) | 99.4 | 1311 | 28.5 | 182.2 | 54.5 | 39.0 |
| Disease burden indicatorsa | ||||||
| Age-standardised suicide rates (per 100 000) | 12.8 | 16.0 | 7.2 | 15.1 | 12.3 | 12.6 |
| DALYs due to MNS disorders, per 100 000 population, 2015 | 2833 | 3241 | 2818 | 2890 | 3190 | 2753 |
| Change in MNS DALY rate per 100 000, 2005–2015 | +140 | +31 | +180 | +91 | +32 | +61 |
| MNS disorders as % of total DALYs, 2015 | 5.9 | 8.3 | 8.3 | 3.4 | 6.3 | 5.2 |
| Health system indicators (governance for mental health)b | ||||||
| A stand-alone law for mental health | No | Yes | No | No | Yes | No |
| If no, mental health integrated into general health or disability law | No | NR | No | Yes | NR | NR |
| Atlas score (0–5) for compliance of law with human rights instruments | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 4 | N/A |
| Current implementation status of mental health policy or plan | Partially | Partially | Partially | No | Partially | No |
| Atlas score (0–5) for compliance of policy with human rights instruments | 5 | 5 | 1 | 5 | 5 | N/A |
| Number of functional mental health prevention and promotion programmes | 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
| National suicide prevention strategy | No | No | No | No | No | No |
| Health system indicators (health financing)c | ||||||
| Total health expenditure (THE) % gross domestic product (GDP) | 4 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 8 | 7 |
| General government expenditure on health (GGHE) as % of THEd | 58 | 26 | 18 | 17 | 54 | 13 |
| GGHE as % of general government expenditure (Abuja target: 15%) | 6 | 3 | 6 | 5 | 14 | 6 |
| Out-of-pocket expenditure on health as % of THE | 38 | 65 | 60 | 72 | 8 | 41 |
| External resources on health as % of THE | 15 | 1 | 10 | 10 | 2 | 40 |
| Macro-fiscal indicatorse | ||||||
| Real GDP growth (annual %, 2016) | 7.6 | 7.1 | 0.6 | −1.5 | 0.2 | 4.6 |
| Inflation, consumer prices (annual %, 2015) | 10.1 | 4.9 | 7.9 | 9 | 4.6 | 5.2 |
| Total unemployment as % of total labour force, 2015 | 5.7 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 5 | 25.9 | 2.3 |
| General government revenue (% GDP) | 16.3 | 19.7 | 21.6 | 9.2 | 29.0 | 14.3 |
| General government total expenditure (% GDP) | 19.1 | 26.8 | 20.8 | 10.9 | 32.4 | 18.9 |
| General government gross debt (% GDP) | 21.8 | 63.3 | 22.3 | 11.2 | 48.2 | 40.0 |
DALYs, disability-adjusted life years; MNS, mental, neurological and substance use; NR, no response; N/A, not applicable.
a.
Source: World Health Organization (WHO) Global Health Estimates, 2015 (http://www.who.int/healthinfo/global_burden_disease).
b.
Source: WHO Mental Health Atlas, 2014 (http://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/atlas/profiles-2014).
c.
Source: WHO Global Health Expenditure database, 2015 (http://www.who.int/health-accounts).
d.
Includes funds received from external donors or international partners.
e.
Source: World Bank development indicators, 2015 (https://data.worldbank.org/data-catalog/world-development-indicators).