TABLE 2.
Effects of exposure to V. dahliae ELV22 on F. oxysporum FO12 metabolism detected by LC-MS.
| Predicted metabolitea | Fold changeb | Metabolic functionc |
| Amino acid metabolism | ||
| N-acetyl-L-methionine | 28.88 | Cysteine and methionine metabolism |
| N-acetyl-L-phenylalanine | 7.15* | Phenylalanine metabolism |
| N-acetylvaline | 6.85 | Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation |
| N-acetylornithine | 4.74 | Arginine biosynthesis |
| 4-acetamidobutanoic acid | 2.48* | Arginine and proline metabolism |
| Pantothenic acid | 2.42* | Beta-Alanine metabolism |
| N-acetyl-DL-tryptophan | 2.34* | Tryptophan metabolism |
| L-glutathione (reduced) | 1.53* | Glutathione metabolism |
| 2-isopropylmalic acid | –1.49 | Valine, leucine and isoleucine degradation |
| L-glutamic acid | –1.98 | Arginine biosynthesis |
| L-ergothioneine | −2.40* | Histidine metabolism |
| L-saccharopine | −2.56* | Lysine biosynthesis |
| L-aspartic acid | −2.57* | Arginine biosynthesis |
| L-glutathione oxidized | –13.70 | Glutathione metabolism |
| Carbohydrate metabolism | ||
| D-(+)-maltose | 1.93 | Starch and sucrose metabolism |
| Gluconic acid | –2.22 | Pentose phosphate pathway |
| Alpha,alpha-trehalose | −3.24* | Starch and sucrose metabolism |
| N-acetyl-D-galactosamine | −3.61* | Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism |
| α-D-mannose 1-phosphate | −4.61* | Fructose and mannose metabolism |
| α-D-glucose-1,6-bisphosphate | −8.69* | Starch and sucrose metabolism |
| Lipid metabolism | ||
| (±)12(13)-DIHOME | 2.79 | Linoleic acid metabolism |
| (15Z)-9,12,13-trihydroxy-15-octadecenoic acid | −1.85* | Fatty acid biosynthesis |
| Nucleotide metabolism | ||
| Uric acid | 8.42 | Purine metabolism |
| Energy metabolism | ||
| Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) | 6.51* | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| Chemical structure transformation maps | ||
| Beauvericin | −1.86* | Fungal toxin |
| Indole-3-lactic acid | −1.95* | Biosynthesis of plant hormones |
aOnly substances that were up- or down-regulated by V. dahliae ELV22 VOCs are shown. bAbundance ratio between compounds from FO12 in co-incubation with ELV22 and from unexposed controls. Positive and negatives values correspond to upregulated and downregulated substances by V. dahliae ELV22 VOCs, respectively. Only metabolites with an up- or downregulation higher than 1.5 or lower than –1.5 were added. Values followed by an asterisk (*) indicate that the up- or downregulation was statistically significant according to Fisher’s protected least significant differences (LSD) test at P = 0.05. cMetabolic pathways assigned by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Terms in bold indicate metabolic pathway groups. N.a., not available indicates that the metabolic pathway could not be found.