Table 1.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation neurophysiological measures.
| Pre-Intervention | Post-Intervention | Effect | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MEP amplitude | monoPA | Real | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 1.1 ± 0.9 | ▼ 24.4% |
| Sham | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.6 ± 1.5 | ▲ 41.3% | ||
| monoAP | Real | 2.2 ± 1.6 | 2.5 ± 1.3 | ▲ 14.7% | |
| Sham | 2.1 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.5 | ▲ 5% | ||
| BiAP-PA | Real | 1.8 ± 0.5 | 2.1 ± 0.7 | ▲ 20% | |
| Sham | 1.5 ± 0.9 | 2.2 ± 0.9 | ▲ 16.5% | ||
| cSP | monoPA | Real | 119.4 ± 32.5 | 126.4 ± 25.7 | ▲ 5.9% |
| Sham | 126.2 ± 31.1 | 136.4 ± 27.6 | ▲ 8.1% | ||
| monoAP | Real | 127.1 ± 23.3 | 143.5 ± 50.8 | ▲ 12.9% | |
| Sham | 133.4 ± 36.8 | 135.5 ± 27.5 | ▲ 1.5% | ||
| BiAP-PA | Real | 139.1 ± 26.3 | 147.1 ± 18.3 | ▲ 5.8% | |
| Sham | 138.7 ± 28.1 | 148.5 ± 20.0 | ▲ 7.1% | ||
| % Δ LICI | monoPA | Real | −0.8 ± 0.1 | −0.9 ± 0.1 | ▲ 3.3% |
| Sham | −0.9 ± 0.1 | −0.8 ± 0.1 | ▼ 0.8% | ||
| monoAP | Real | −0.8 ± 0.4 | −0.8 ± 0.4 | ▲ 1.6% | |
| Sham | −0.9 ± 0.2 | −0.9 ± 0.2 | ▼ 0.6% | ||
| BiAP-PA | Real | −0.9 ± 0.2 | −0.9 ± 0.1 | ▲ 6.5% | |
| Sham | −0.9 ± 0.2 | −0.9 ± 0.2 | ▲ 1.5% | ||
| % Δ SICI | monoPA | Real | −0.7 ± 0.3 | −0.7 ± 0.2 | ▲ 7.4% |
| Sham | −0.7 ± 0.2 | −0.6 ± 0.2 | ▼ 6.1% | ||
| monoAP | Real | −0.7 ± 0.3 | −0.5 ± 0.7 | ▼ 31.8%** | |
| Sham | −0.6 ± 0.4 | −0.6 ± 0.5 | ▼ 0.5% | ||
| BiAP-PA | Real | −0.5 ± 0.4 | −0.4 ± 0.4 | ▼ 22.3%** | |
| Sham | −0.6 ± 0.3 | −0.4 ± 0.6 | ▼ 38.7% | ||
| % Δ ICF | monoPA | Real | 0.04 ± 0.4 | −0.1 ± 0.5 | ▼ 286.9% |
| Sham | 0.2 ± 0.4 | 0.4 ± 0.7 | ▲ 145.3% | ||
| monoAP | Real | 0.6 ± 1.0 | 1.1 ± 1.9 | ▲ 104.9% | |
| Sham | 0.3 ± 0.6 | 0.3 ± 0.6 | ▼ 11.6% | ||
| BiAP-PA | Real | 0.8 ± 0.7 | 1.1 ± 1.1 | ▲ 29.4% | |
| Sham | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 1.1 ± 0.8 | ▲ 87.6% |
Mean and standard deviation (SD) are shown in the table. The black arrows indicate the % of increase (▲) or decrease (▼) in mean MEP amplitude (mV) or cSP duration (ms). For paired-pulse protocols the black arrows reflect the % of increase (▲) or decrease (▼) in mean inhibition (LICI, SICI) or facilitation (ICF). Abbreviations: % Δ, percentage of change from baseline; BiAP-PA, biphasic anterior–posterior–posterior–anterior; cSP, cortical silent period (ms); ICF, intracortical facilitation, MEP, motor evoked potential (mV); monoAP, monophasic anterior–posterior; monoPA, monophasic posterior–anterior; LICI, long-interval intracortical inhibition; SICI, short-interval intracortical inhibition.
Significant difference between pre and post measures at each intervention (p < 0.05),
Significant difference between real and sham interventions (p < 0.05).