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. 2019 Aug 2;10:1774. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01774

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Rough LPS elicits a weaker inflammatory response than smooth LPS in vivo. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with 200 μl of pyrogen-free saline containing either rough strain LPS (i.e., with a short polysaccharide chain) and smooth strain LPS (i.e., with a long polysaccharide chain) (20 μmol/L each). Blood was collected at the indicated times, and plasma levels of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines [IL-6 (A), IL-10 (B), TNF-α (C), MCP-1 (D), and IFN-γ (E)] were measured by cytometric bead array. Plasma kinetics (left panel) and area under the curve (AUC – right panel) as calculated over the 24-h period are displayed for each cytokine/chemokine in mice injected with smooth LPS (closed diamonds, black bars, n = 8) or rough LPS (open squares, gray bars, n = 8). In all cases, smooth LPS induced higher cytokine/chemokine production than did rough LPS. Data are expressed as means ± S.E. *Significantly different from smooth LPS, p < 0.05. Data are representative of three comparable experiments. See “Experimental Procedures” for additional experimental details.