Table 1.

Unweighted sample characteristics

Veteran characteristics	Unweighted characteristics (trimmed sample)
	PTSD					No PTSD
	Treatment (n = ll,510)		Comparison (n = 4941)		Standardized differencesa	Treatment (n = 4144)		Comparison (n = 3685)		Standardized differencesa
Age at application date, mean (standard deviation SD)	36.13	8.70	37.60	9.94	−16.14	36.53	9.54	40.95	11.16	−42.76
Caregiver is a veteran, proportion	0.12		0.10		3.50	0.12		0.13		−1.85
Male, proportion	0.93		0.91		9.60	0.90		0.86		10.67
Housing instability in past 12 months, proportionb	0.07		0.09		−6.84	0.04		0.04		−0.14
Veteran race, proportion
White	0.71		0.63		16.14	0.65		0.49		31.29
Black	0.17		0.25		−21.19	0.22		0.37		−32.22
Other	0.07		0.06		2.72	0.06		0.05		5.81
Unknown	0.05		0.05		0.84	0.07		0.09		−8.21
Ethnicity, proportion
Hispanic/Latino	0.14		0.10		11.35	0.13		0.09		11.34
Not Hispanic/Latino	0.83		0.87		−10.54	0.83		0.85		−6.04
Unknown	0.03		0.04		0.38	0.03		0.06		−6.11
Veteran insurance status, proportion
Non-VA insurance coveragec	0.15		0.11		12.11	0.16		0.10		17.92
Means test status, proportion
Copay required	0.11		0.11		−2.14	0.14		0.13		0.77
Copay not required	0.72		0.71		3.78	0.60		0.57		7.82
Unknown	0.17		0.18		−2.74	0.26		0.30		−9.17
Enrollment priority group, proportion
Group 1	0.88		0.84		12.91	0.76		0.73		8.31
Group 2–4	0.08		0.09		−5.66	0.13		0.15		−5.85
Group 5–8 or missing	0.04		0.11		−12.86	0.07		0.12		−4.99
Service connectedd
High (≥70%)	0.75		0.68		16.21	0.64		0.56		15.61
Medium high (50–69%)	0.12		0.15		−7.75	0.10		0.15		−13.09
Medium low (10–49%)	0.07		0.09		−8.78	0.19		0.19		1.22
Low (< 10%)	0.07		0.19		−8.78	0.09		0.18		1.22
Caregiver’s relationship to veteran, proportion
Spouse/partner	0.83		0.78		15.88	0.77		0.77		1.49
Mother or father	0.08		0.08		−2.09	0.12		0.07		18.37
Other non-relative/not available	0.04		0.08		−17.89	0.04		0.08		−15.09
Other relative	0.05		0.07		−6.79	0.06		0.08		−10.12
Marital status, proportion
Married	0.70		0.66		8.45	0.65		0.65		0.00
Divorced/separated	0.12		0.14		−7.43	0.10		0.12		−4.60
Never married/single/widowed	0.17		0.19		−3.45	0.20		0.14		14.33
Unknown	0.01		0.05		−1.54	0.01		0.09		−15.89
Physical health diagnoses, proportion
Diabetes	0.08		0.10		−6.68	0.08		0.13		−14.21
Hearing: loss, pain, other	0.21		0.18		8.83	0.11		0.10		3.43
Hyperlipidemia	0.30		0.30		−0.12	0.22		0.26		−7.50
Hypertension	0.26		0.27		−3.47	0.21		0.27		−13.22
Obesity	0.21		0.20		2.06	0.15		0.15		1.18
Pain, not including back or joint	0.53		0.47		10.98	0.33		0.28		11.35
Neoplasm	0.07		0.07		1.10	0.07		0.09		−7.64
Headache	0.23		0.19		10.77	0.11		0.09		6.33
Joint pain, not including back	0.45		0.42		4.89	0.26		0.25		2.09
Musculoskeletal disorder	0.71		0.68		6.64	0.48		0.46		4.76
Traumatic brain injury (TBI)	0.38		0.28		22.62	0.16		0.06		32.45
Chest pain/acute myocardial infarction	0.08		0.08		0.41	0.05		0.05		−3.62
Mental health diagnoses, proportion
Adjustment reaction	0.10		0.11		−3.42	0.10		0.08		9.58
Anxiety	0.28		0.29		−1.31	0.19		0.16		7.76
Bipolar	0.12		0.11		1.80	0.08		0.06		7.38
Depression	0.60		0.59		1.78	0.31		0.26		11.18
Other mental healthe	0.19		0.17		5.38	0.13		0.10		10.00
Tobacco use	0.26		0.25		2.46	0.14		0.12		5.21
Alcohol or substance abuse disorder	0.26		0.27		−4.12	0.08		0.07		1.68
Nosos score, mean (SD)f	1.44	1.63	1.35	2.55	5.20	1.48	1.70	1.01	1.61	21.36
Number of VA primary care clinic stops in 6 months	1.71	1.76	1.55	1.67	9.09	1.17	1.63	1.05	1.51	7.45
prior to application, mean (SD)
Number of mental health visits in 6 months prior to	6.58	9.82	5.83	9.38	7.65	2.41	7.00	1.62	5.78	11.71
application, mean (SD)
FY2011 facility complexity level, proportiong
Facility complexity level la	0.37		0.38		−  1.99	0.40		0.38		2.60
Facility complexity level lb	0.12		0.12		0.89	0.13		0.12		2.01
Facility complexity level lc	0.20		0.23		−7.54	0.18		0.21		−7.81
Facility complexity level 2	0.16		0.16		1.71	0.19		0.20		−1.83
Facility complexity level 3	0.15		0.11		9.05	0.11		0.09		6.11
Miles from nearest VA Medical Center, mean (SD)h	39.17	35.41	40.61	35.31	−4.15	37.91	33.23	38.94	32.37	−3.02
VISN (Veteran Integrated Service Network) of closest VA Medical Center, proportionh
Upstate New York	0.02		0.02		3.74	0.01		0.00		6.02
New England	0.03		0.02		6.76	0.02		0.01		9.04
Midwest	0.02		0.01		7.27	0.03		0.01		10.02
Desert Pacific	0.07		0.04		11.97	0.07		0.04		11.65
Sierra Pacific	0.05		0.03		11.17	0.05		0.03		10.58
Northwest	0.07		0.05		6.01	0.06		0.04		7.27
Rocky Mountain	0.04		0.07		−14.67	0.03		0.05		−7.28
Southwest	0.07		0.04		12.30	0.05		0.03		7.57
Heart of Texas	0.06		0.12		−19.61	0.07		0.12		−17.02
South Central	0.04		0.10		−25.42	0.05		0.09		−17.18
Heartland	0.04		0.04		0.46	0.03		0.03		−0.50
Great Lakes	0.03		0.02		5.61	0.03		0.01		9.39
Veterans in partnership	0.04		0.03		2.04	0.03		0.02		4.23
Ohio	0.02		0.01		3.52	0.01		0.01		2.79
Mid-South	0.07		0.06		5.61	0.10		0.08		6.31
Sunshine	0.09		0.08		3.62	0.10		0.09		5.79
Southeast	0.07		0.14		−26.34	0.08		0.20		−33.86
Mid-Atlantic	0.08		0.08		3.45	0.11		0.09		4.18
Capitol	0.02		0.01		5.09	0.03		0.02		8.92
Stars and stripes	0.04		0.02		9.76	0.03		0.01		11.05
New York/New Jersey	0.03		0.01		13.03	0.02		0.01		11.30

^aThe standardized difference for continuous variables is calculated as, where T refers to the treatment group and C refers to the comparison group $\frac{100\times (\overline{T}-\overline{C})}{\sqrt{\frac{\left(N_T-1\right)Var(T)+\left(N_C-1\right)Var(C)}{N_T+N_{C^{-2}}}}}$ For discrete variables, where P_T and P_c refer to the proportion of the treatment group and the proportion of the comparison group, respectively, having a given characteristic $\frac{100\times \left(P_T-P_C\right)}{\sqrt{\frac{\left(N_T-1\right)P_T\left(1-P_T\right)+\left(N_C-1\right)P_C\left(1-P_C\right)}{N_T+N_{C^{-2}}}}}$

^bAssessed in the year prior to and including application date

^cVeterans may have more than one type of insurance

^dLow category includes veterans with no service connection record or with a record found but had missing data for service connection status; veterans who are not service connected; and veterans who are service connected but have missing data for service connection percentage

^eOther mental health includes a large number of diagnoses

^fIf available, the Nosos score from the fiscal year prior to Application Date fiscal year was used. If not available, the current fiscal year Nosos data was used. If neither the year prior nor the current fiscal year Nosos data was not available, Nosos data from prior years was used. Nosos scores are new measures of medical complexity derived from existing risk scores plus additional factors used in a regression model to model annual VA costs per patient

^gFacilities are categorized according to complexity level which is determined on the basis of the characteristics of the patient population, clinical services offered, educational and research missions and administrative complexity. Facilities are classified into three levels with Level 1 representing the most complex facilities, Level 2 moderately complex facilities, and Level 3 the least complex facilities. Level 1 is further subdivided into categories 1a–1c. Reference: http://www.va.gov/HEALTH/docs/2012_VHA_Facility_Quality_and_Safety_Report_FINAL508.pdf

^hClosest VAMC or Independent Outpatient Clinic at time of application, based upon distance from veteran’s zip code