Table 2.
Bivariate correlations between burnout symptoms, perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and overall mental distress.
| Sample 1: Adult workers (N = 311) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Physical exhaustion | Cognitive weariness | Emotional exhaustion | Overall SMBM Index | |
| Perceived stress (PSS) | 0.54*** (0.54***/0.55***) |
0.49*** (0.47***/0.52***) |
0.35*** (0.39***/0.33***) |
0.56*** (0.56***/0.56***) |
| Effort–Reward Imbalance (ERI) | 0.42*** (0.41***/0.44***) |
0.37*** (0.33***/0.40***) |
0.35*** (0.27**/0.42***) |
0.44*** (0.41***/0.47***) |
| Job Demand-Control Imbalance (JDC) | 0.39*** (0.30***/0.47***) |
0.34*** (0.27**/0.42***) |
0.21*** (0.12/0.32***) |
0.39*** (0.30***/0.48***) |
| Depressive symptoms (HADS-D) | 0.50*** (0.48***/0.53***) |
0.47*** (0.47***/0.47***) |
0.38*** (0.32***/0.43***) |
0.53*** (0.51***/0.55***) |
| Sample 2: Police officers ( N = 201) | ||||
| Physical exhaustion | Cognitive weariness | Emotional exhaustion | Overall SMB M Index | |
| Perceived stress (PSS) | 0.59*** (0.74***/0.47***) |
0.44*** (0.53***/0.37***) |
0.42*** (0.42***/0.44***) |
0.59*** (0.71***/0.49***) |
| Effort–Reward Imbalance (ERI) | 0.33*** (0.31***/0.41***) |
0.24*** (0.33**/0.20*) |
0.14+
(0.11/0.15+) |
0.31*** (0.34**/0.33***) |
| Job Demand-Control Imbalance (JDC) | 0.28*** (0.37**/0.23**) |
0.32*** (0.34**/0.31***) |
0.12+
(0.24*/0.04***) |
0.31*** (0.40**/0.26***) |
| Overall mental distress (GHQ-12) | 0.56*** (0.49***/0.59***) |
0.55*** (0.57***/0.53***) |
0.43*** (0.29*/0.54***) |
0.62*** (0.57***/0.64***) |
SMBM, Shirom–Melamed Burnout Measure; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale; ERI, Effort Reward Imbalance; JDC, Job Demands and Control; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Depression Subscale; GHQ12, 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Correlations for female (first value) and male participants (second value) are listed in brackets.
+p < 0.10. *p < 0.05. **p < 0.01. ***p < 0.001.