Table 1.
Pre- and post-intervention risk behaviors, syringe practices, and medical care access among PWID by study arm, PHARM-Link, 2009–2011.
| Control Arm (n=255) |
Intervention Arm (n=227) |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline | 3-month | Baseline | 3-month | ||||
| n (%) | n (%) | Pre/post p-value | n (%) | n (%) | Pre/post p-value | I vs Cc p-value | |
| Demographics | |||||||
| Gender | |||||||
| Male | 177 (69.4) | 154 (67.8) | |||||
| Female | 77 (30.2) | 70 (30.8) | |||||
| Transgender | 1 (0.39) | 3 (1.3) | |||||
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 125 (49.2) | 121 (53.3) | |||||
| Black | 78 (30.7) | 60 (26.4) | |||||
| White/Other | 51 (20.8) | 46 (20.3) | |||||
| Age (mean, SD) | 43.3 (9.3) | 44 (9.2) | |||||
| High school graduate | 157 (61.6) | 150 (66.1) | |||||
| HIV positive | 37 (14.5) | 30 (13.5) | |||||
| Homeless | 88 (34.5) | 64 (25.1) | 0.0012 | 63 (27.8) | 49 (21.6) | 0.0704 | 0.3636 |
| Employed | 19 (7.5) | 14 (5.5) | 0.4049 | 44 (19.4) | 23 (10.1) | <.0001 | 0.0576 |
| Risk behaviorsa | |||||||
| Injected drugs | 251 (98.4) | 203 (79.6) | <.0001 | 223 (98.2) | 179 (78.9) | <.0001 | 0.8387 |
| Daily drug injection | 85 (33.3) | 58 (22.8) | <.0001 | 74 (32.6) | 54 (24.0) | 0.0078 | 0.7456 |
| Receptive syringe sharing | 54 (21.2) | 35 (13.7) | 0.0110 | 44 (19.3) | 20 (8.8) | <.0001 | 0.0903 |
| Non-receptive syringe sharing | 69 (27.1) | 50 (19.6) | 0.0204 | 64 (28.2) | 40 (17.6) | 0.0012 | 0.5764 |
| 100% sterile syringe useb | 127 (50.8) | 99 (48.8) | 0.5716 | 118 (52.7) | 113 (63.1) | 0.0257 | 0.0048 |
| HIV test (among negatives only) | 100 (46.7) | 149 (69.3) | <.0001 | 101 (51.8) | 130 (66.3) | 0.0015 | 0.5187 |
| Syringe disposal and purchasea,b | |||||||
| Safe syringe disposal | 96 (39.5) | 91 (46.4) | 0.1263 | 74 (33.5) | 72 (42.1) | 0.0400 | 0.4057 |
| Fitpack use | 2 (0.80) | 6 (3.0) | 0.2188 | 12 (5.4) | 7 (3.9) | 0.7744 | 0.6075 |
| Syringe exchange program use | 141 (55.7) | 121 (59.6) | 0.3222 | 109 (48.7) | 100(55.9) | 0.1352 | 0.4601 |
| Weekly pharmacy syringe purchase | 150 (59.8) | 97 (47.8) | <.0001 | 123 (55.2) | 89 (49.7) | 0.1439 | 0.7054 |
| Pharmacy syringe purchase barrier | 69 (31.2) | 68 (39.5) | 0.5044 | 63 (30.9) | 49 (30.8) | 0.7552 | 0.0974 |
| Pharmacy primary syringe source | 139 (55.4) | 91 (45.3) | 0.0043 | 112 (50.5) | 96 (54.2) | 0.4426 | 0.0836 |
| Medical care access | |||||||
| Current health insurance | 207 (81.2) | 216 (85.0) | 0.1539 | 197 (86.8) | 202 (89.0) | 0.4049 | 0.2002 |
| Usual source of care | 159 (62.4) | 170 (66.7) | 0.2543 | 141 (62.1) | 155 (68.9) | 0.0869 | 0.6033 |
| Received drug treatmenta (excluding detox) | 210 (82.7) | 190 (74.5) | 0.0031 | 191 (84.5) | 178 (78.4) | 0.0488 | 0.3140 |
| Received detoxa | 50 (19.6) | 36 (14.1) | 0.0649 | 28 (12.4) | 30 (13.2) | 0.8555 | 0.7738 |
| Received case managementa | 175 (68.6) | 161 (63.1) | 0.1702 | 133 (58.6) | 128 (56.4) | 0.6646 | 0.1312 |
a
in past 3 months
b
among PWID who injected in past 3 months only
c
I vs C p-values represent between group differences of the intervention and control study arms at 3-month study visit.