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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Aug 9.
Published in final edited form as: Nurs Outlook. 2019 Jan 18;67(4):462–475. doi: 10.1016/j.outlook.2019.01.003

Figure 2.

Figure 2.

Translational Science: Bench to population. Stages of translation (T1–T4) are represented in each of the boxes from the bench (T1) to population health (T4). The accuracy of identifying the mechanisms of a symptom or behavior has implications for the study of self-management in later stages of translation. Boxes in the figure reflect that each stage (T1–T4) of the translational process may inform the need for greater mechanistic understanding of the symptom or behavior, or increased methodological accuracy across research settings. Adapted from Kon, A. A. (1988). The clinical and translational science award (CTSA)(consortium and the translational research model. American Journal of Bioethics, 8(3), 58-W3.