Table 1. Clinical characteristics of enrolled patients.
| Variables | Total patients (n = 262) |
|---|---|
| Demographics | |
| Sex, male | 152 (58.0) |
| Age, years | 64.7 ± 12.3 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 24.0 ± 3.3 |
| Risk factors | |
| Hypertension | 153 (58.4) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 108 (41.2) |
| Hypercholesterolaemia | 74 (28.2) |
| Coronary artery disease | 47 (17.9) |
| Smoking | 98 (37.4) |
| Alcohol intake | 73 (27.9) |
| Prior medication | |
| Anti-thrombotics | 55 (21.0) |
| Statins | 53 (20.2) |
| Cerebral atherosclerosis | 125 (47.7) |
| Stroke subtype | |
| Cardioembolism | 47 (17.9) |
| Large artery atherosclerosis | 108 (41.2) |
| Small vessel occlusion | 107 (40.8) |
| Cerebral small vessel disease | |
| High-grade white matter hyperintensities | 64 (24.4) |
| Cerebral microbleeds | 51 (19.5) |
| High-grade perivascular spaces | 24 (9.2) |
| Asymptomatic lacunar infarctions | 51 (19.5) |
| Total small vessel disease score | |
| 0 | 149 (56.9) |
| 1 | 67 (25.6) |
| 2 | 22 (8.4) |
| 3 | 17 (6.5) |
| 4 | 7 (2.7) |
| Blood laboratory findings | |
| Klotho, pg/mL | 329.8 ± 194.1 |
| Fibroblast growth factor-23, pg/mL | 343.7 ± 546.2 |
| Vitamin D 25(OH)D, ng/mL | 20.1 ± 6.8 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 116.2 ± 42.3 |
| HbA1c, % | 6.5 ± 1.4 |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 129.0 ± 95.6 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 177.5 ± 38.9 |
| Low-density lipoprotein, mg/dL | 115.0 ± 36.9 |
| White blood cell count, ×103 | 7.3 ± 2.4 |
| Haemoglobin, mg/dL | 13.5 ± 1.6 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 1.0 ± 0.8 |
| Total calcium, mg/dL | 8.2 ± 0.4 |
| Phosphate, mg/dL | 3.1 ± 0.6 |
| Albumin, mg/dL | 3.7 ± 0.3 |
| Alkaline phosphatase, IU/L | 224.4 ± 72.2 |
| Uric acid, mg/dL | 4.8 ± 1.6 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/L | 0.9 ± 2.8 |
Data are shown as n (%) or mean ± standard deviation