Table 2. Emergency inpatient admissions, birth and socio-demographic characteristics, and school factors by not attaining Key Stage 1 in education at age 6–7 years.
| Characteristic | Children in Cohort N = 64,934 n (%) |
Not attained KS1 n = 4,680 n (%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|
| Emergency inpatient admissions | |||
| Any admission | No | 33475 (51.6) | 2143 (6.4) |
| Yes | 31459 (48.4) | 2537 (8.1) | |
| Any respiratory admission | No | 52152 (80.3) | 3593 (6.0) |
| Yes | 12782 (19.7) | 1087 (8.5) | |
| Any admission for external causes | No | 59325 (91.4) | 4144 (7.0) |
| Yes | 5609 (8.6) | 536 (9.6) | |
| Any gastro-intestinal admission | No | 61042 (94.0) | 4362 (7.1) |
| Yes | 3892 (6.0) | 318 (8.2) | |
| Any other admission | No | 44782 (69.0) | 3034 (6.8) |
| Yes | 20152 (31.0) | 1646 (8.2) | |
| Number of admissions | 0 | 33475 (51.6) | 2143 (6.4) |
| 1 | 17721 (22.3) | 1331 (7.5) | |
| 2 | 7420 (11.4) | 620 (8.4) | |
| ≥3 | 6318 (9.7) | 586 (9.3) | |
| Age at first admission | No admission | 33475 (51.6) | 2143 (6.4) |
| <1 | 15778 (24.3) | 1355 (8.6) | |
| 1–4 | 12429 (19.1) | 924 (7.5) | |
| >4 | 3256 (5.0) | 248 (7.6) | |
| Number of bed-days pre-school | 10** | 1.99(SD 5.57)^ | |
| Number of bed-days at school | 10** | 0.25 (SD 1.68)^ | |
| Birth characteristics | |||
| Gender | Female | 30239 (46.6) | 2579 (8.5) |
| Male | 34695 (53.4) | 2101 (6.1) | |
| Gestational age | ≤32 | 678 (1.0) | 65 (9.6) |
| 33–36 | 3303 (5.1) | 284 (8.6) | |
| 37–39 | 24051 (37.0) | 1821 (7.6) | |
| 40–42 | 36902 (56.8) | 2510 (6.8) | |
| Maternal age | ≤19 | 5754 (8.9) | 702 (12.2) |
| 20–24 | 12124 (18.7) | 1189 (9.8) | |
| 25–29 | 19646 (30.3) | 1263 (6.4) | |
| 30–34 | 17631 (27.2) | 930 (5.3) | |
| 35–39 | 7024 (10.8) | 399 (5.7) | |
| ≥40 | 1122 (1.7) | 74 (6.6) | |
| No answer | 1633 (2.5) | 123 (7.5) | |
| Parity | 0 | 28354 (43.7) | 1731 (6.1) |
| ≥1 | 36477 (56.2) | 2943 (8.1) | |
| No answer | 103 (0.2) | 6 (5.8) | |
| Multiple births | No | 63312 (97.5) | 4576 (7.2) |
| Yes | 1622 (2.5) | 1104 (6.4) | |
| Perinatal/neonatal inpatient admissionǂ | No | 60343 (92.9) | 4309 (17.1) |
| Yes | 4591 (7.1) | 371 (8.1) | |
| Congenital anomaly | No | 60885 (93.8) | 4345 (7.1) |
| Minor | 1890 (2.9) | 146 (7.7) | |
| Major | 2159 (3.3) | 189 (8.8) | |
| Caesarean section | No | 49861 (76.8) | 3644 (7.3) |
| Yes | 13443 (20.7) | 513 (6.8) | |
| No answer | 1630 (2.5) | 123 (7.5) | |
| Small for gestational age | No | 59014 (90.9) | 4067 (6.9) |
| Yes | 5920 (9.1) | 613 (10.4) | |
| Breast feeding | No | 14548 (22.4) | 1329 (9.1) |
| Yes | 17925 (27.6) | 1098 (6.1) | |
| No answer | 32461 (50.0) | 2253 (6.9) | |
| Smoking | No | 10628 (16.4) | 620 (5.8) |
| Yes | 2800 (4.3) | 361 (12.9) | |
| Missing | 51506 (49.3) | 3699 (7.2) | |
| Academic season of birth | Sept-Dec | 18312 (28.2) | 896 (4.9) |
| Jan-Apr | 23724 (36.5) | 1683 (7.1) | |
| May-Aug | 22898 (35.3) | 2101 (9.2) | |
| Socio-demographic characteristics | |||
| Free School meals | No | 55587 (85.6) | 3207 (5.8) |
| Yes | 9347 (14.4) | 1473 (15.8) | |
| Townsend deprivation quintile at birth / first 4 months | 1 least deprived | 12392 (19.1) | 461 (3.7) |
| 2 | 11889 (18.3) | 653 (5.5) | |
| 3 | 12680 (19.5) | 867 (6.8) | |
| 4 | 13005 (20.0) | 985 (7.6) | |
| 5 most deprived | 14968 (23.1) | 1714 (11.5) | |
| Deprivation status change, using the Townsend score at birth / first 4 months and at taking KS1 | Stayed low and least deprived (below median) | 26500 (40.8) | 1119 (4.5) |
| Low to high (below to above median) | 4321 (6.7) | 342 (7.9) | |
| High to low (above to below median) | 6316 (9.7) | 424 (6.7) | |
| Stayed high and most deprived (above median) | 27797 (42.8) | 2715 (9.8) | |
| Living environment in birth / first 4 months | Urban (>10K pop) | 44879 (69.1) | 3300 (7.4) |
| Town & Fringe | 10795 (16.6) | 759 (7.0) | |
| Village, hamlet & isolated dwellings | 9260 (14.3) | 621 (6.7) | |
| School factors | |||
| Number of school moves | 0 | 58795 (90.5) | 3814 (6.5) |
| 1 | 5787 (8.9) | 779 (13.5) | |
| 2+ | 352 (0.5) | 87 (24.7) | |
| Average school size between 2006 and 2008 | ≤100 | 6459 (9.9) | 544 (8.4) |
| 101–200 | 19983 (30.8) | 1564 (7.8) | |
| 201–300 | 19147 (29.5) | 1261 (6.6) | |
| >300 | 19345 (29.8) | 1311 (6.8) | |
| Average percentage of children eligible for free school meals in school during 2006–8 | ≤10 | 26672 (41.1) | 1336 (5.0) |
| 10–20 | 21212 (32.7) | 1420 (6.7) | |
| 20–30 | 9332 (14.4) | 839 (9.0) | |
| 30–40 | 4980 (7.7) | 565 (11.3) | |
| >40 | 2738 (4.2) | 520 (19.0) | |
An emergency inpatient admission is a continuous inpatient spell of finished consultant episodes and includes transfers between hospitals using the Dr Foster superspells method [59]. Type of admission is derived from the first 3 diagnosis codes in the first consultation episode for each emergency inpatient admission.
^ Mean(Standard Deviation).
ǂ emergency or elective.
** The OR’s shown here correspond to a difference per 10 days bed-days.