Fig 1. Opiates and injection equipment commonly used by PWID.

(A) Pill crusher with uncrushed hydromorphone controlled-release (Hydromorphone-CR) beads (removed from capsule). (B) Unused injection drug preparation equipment consisting of metal cooker and filter. This style of cooker with compressed cotton filter is distributed as part of a provincial harm-reduction initiative from the needle exchange along with clean needles, syringes and water. All cookers collected in the used equipment collection program have been in this style of cooker. (C) Hydromorphone-CR-containing sterile cooker and filter after a single wash in controlled laboratory environment. The large volume of remaining material available for repeat “washes” to get further opioid is visible. (D) Used cookers after three washes (donated by a person who injects drugs) with significant residual Hydromorphone-CR left in cooker. The cooker is often folded to retain residual opiate for later use and a “repeat wash”.