3D culture of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts in 1 wt % O5 hydrogel and the positively charged peptide hydrogel K2(SL)6K2. (a) Cell viability of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts at day 1, 3, and 5 by Calcein AM and ethidium homodimer-1 staining (viable cells in green, dead cells in red). Scale bar = 100 μm. Actin cytoskeleton staining of NIH-3T3 fibroblasts encapsulated for 5 days in (b) K2 and (c) O5. AlexaFluor 488-phalloidin (green) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar is 50 μm. (d) Percentage of viable cells present in K2 and O5 at day 1, day 3 and day 5 after seeding. (e) Viable cell density (cells/ mm3) at day 1, day 3, and day 5. Error bars represent standard deviation (n = 6).