Fig. 4.

BMMs and intestinal myeloid cells from IRF5^−/− mice are less effective at clearance of intracellular bacteria and production of bacterial-induced inflammatory cytokines in vitro. a, b BMMs from IRF5^+/+, IRF5^+/− or IRF5^−/− mice were: (a) left untreated or treated for 48 h with 0.1 μg/ml lipid A and then co-cultured with S. Typhimurium, AIEC or S. aureus as per Methods for ‘Intracellular bacterial clearance’. Bacterial CFU (4 replicates, representative of 3 independent experiments). b Co-cultured with S. Typhimurium, AIEC or S. aureus and supernatants were assessed for cytokines 24 h later (4 replicates). Significance for A & B is compared to IRF5^+/+ macrophages for each respective treatment condition or as indicated. c, d Colonic lamina propria macrophages were co-cultured with S. Typhimurium and gentamicin was added 20 min later. c Bacterial CFU (6 replicates) assessed at the indicated times after gentamicin. d Cytokines (4 replicates) at 20 h. Mean + SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ^†p < 1 × 10⁻⁴; ^††p < 1 × 10⁻⁵