Table 2. Bivariate analyses of the associations of asthma with potential determinants of the early-life intestinal metabolome.
Analyses were performed for subjects who provided stool samples for metabolomics analysis and for the entire VDAART offspring cohort.
| Stool Metabolomics Available | Entire VDAART Cohort | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All children (n = 361) | Asthma (n = 85) | No Asthma (n = 276) | P value | All children (n = 806) | Asthma (n = 125) | No Asthma (n = 623) | P value | |
| Maternal antibiotics during or child antibiotics after delivery - number (%) | 157 (43) | 45 (53) | 112 (41) | 0.06 | 337 (42) | 65 (52) | 248 (40) | 0.01 |
| Birth by Cesarean section - number (%) | 113 (31) | 24 (28) | 89 (32) | 0.57 | 239 (30) | 40 (32) | 185 (30) | 0.65 |
| Exclusive breastfeeding until age 4 months - number (%) | 109 (31) | 12 (15) | 97 (36) | 0.001 | 247 (33) | 16 (14) | 218 (37) | <0.001 |
| Day care by age 3 years - number (%) | 178 (50) | 47 (57) | 131 (49) | 0.24 | 378 (53) | 73(62) | 290 (50) | 0.02 |
| Pet dog during infancy - number (%) | 88 (25) | 17 (20) | 71 (26) | 0.38 | 168 (22) | 21 (18) | 142 (24) | 0.20 |
| At least one living child previously born to mother - number (%) | 205 (57) | 50 (59) | 155 (56) | 0.76 | 435 (54) | 67 (54) | 344 (55) | 0.82 |
p values are for Chi square tests.
Unavailable/Missing Data: Perinatal antibiotics and mode of delivery were unavailable for 3 subjects. Exclusive breastfeeding until age 4 months was unavailable for 68 subjects, including 13 with available stool metabolomics. Daycare status was unavailable for 99 subjects, including 8 with available stool metabolomics. Household dog status was unavailable for 49 subjects, including 4 with available stool metabolomics.