TABLE 2.

Estimated overall effect size $\widehat{d}$ for various endpoints for the data analyzed by Fioravanti and Yanagi (2005)¹⁵ on the effect of citicoline. The sample sizes (n₁, n₂) for the citicoline and placebo groups are also noted under the p-values if they are different for the endpoints.

		Endpoint
Study†	Sample Size (n1, n2)	Attention	Memory	Behavioural	Memory Recall
Alvarez 1999	(12, 16)	0.7313	0.4932
Barbagallo 1988	(60, 65)	0.3471	0.9718	0.2894
		( 56 59)	(44 47)	(60 65)
Bonavita 1983	(20, 20)		1.5e-08
Capurso 1996	(17, 14)		0.1122	0.2347	0.1122
Cohen 2003	(15, 15)	0.5770	0.3523	0.9400	0.3523
Falchi Delitala 1984	(15, 15)			1.03e-08
Madariaga 1978	(16, 16)			0.0017
Motta 1985	(25, 25)	0.0482	0.2402		0.2404
Piccoli 1994	(43, 43)	0.8660	0.5579	0.6370	0.5579
		(34, 33)	(35, 34)	(43, 43)	(35 34)
Senin 2003	(220, 232)	0.9530	0.1107	0.3956	0.1107
		(216, 226)	(216, 221)	(220, 232)	(216, 221)
Sinforiani 1986	(26, 32)	0.6253	0.0596	0.0417	0.0596
Spiers 1996	(46, 44)		0.5272
Estimates
MLE ${\widehat{d}}_{MLE}$		0.000	0.2283	0.2307	0.1801
95% CI		N/A	(.0856, .3709)	(.0828, .3787)	(.0018, .3583)
${\widehat{d}}_T$‡		0.000	0.2252	0.2253	0.1039
95% CI		N/A	(.0821, .3683)	(.0757, .3748)	(.0000, .3253)
Bayes ${\widehat{d}}_B$		0.07	0.22	0.22	0.17
95% CI		(.00, .19)	(.06, .37)	(.04, .37)	(.01, .34)

^†Detailed references for the studies are in Fioravanti and Yanagi (2005)¹⁵.

^‡MLE based on truncated distribution (11).